IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


■  50     ™"^= 


12.5 
2.2 


1.8 


1.25      1.4      1.6 

^ 6" 

^ 

V 


<^ 


/i 


% 


%  .> 


Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STRECT 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  873-4303 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notss  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


0 


Couverture  endommagde 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurie  et/ou  pellicul^e 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


I      I    Coloured  maps/ 


0 


Cartes  gdographiques  en  couleur 


Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


r~~1    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


n 


n 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

Lareliure  serrde  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  int6rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajout^es 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  4tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  filmdes. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl^mentaires; 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6td  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mdthode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu6s  ci-dessous. 


□   Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

I      I    Pages  damaged/ 


D 


Pages  endommagdes 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaur^es  et/ou  pelliculdes 


I      I    Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 


Pages  ddcolordes,  tachet6es  ou  piqu^es 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d^tachees 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Qualiti  inigale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materia 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppl^me.itaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


I      I    Pages  detached/ 

r^  Showthrough/ 

I      I    Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I      I    Includes  supplementary  material/ 

I      I    Only  edition  available/ 


D 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6t6  filmdes  A  nouveau  de  fapon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqui  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


30X 


\/ 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

IMetropclitan  Toronto  Library 
Canadian  History  Department 


L'exemplaire  film6  fut  reproduit  grdce  d  la 
g6n6ro8it6  de: 

{Metropolitan  Toronto  Library 
Canadian  History  Department 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  crmdition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  dt6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  nettet6  de  l'exemplaire  film6,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimde  sont  film6s  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  film6s  en  commenpant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  ^»-  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  chaque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ^>  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
film6s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichd,  il  est  filmd  d  partir 
de  I'angle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m6thode. 


1  2  3 


32X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

14A 


I 

i 


^i 


Sm 


yj 


€ 


e 


'J^. 


r!\ 


'i  -■ 

4. 


).  !►«* 


TOl'RISSXiS-    KDITTON. 


^  A 


GREATER  NIAGARA 


f 


■     I 


'^*« 


COPYKKiHTI-I)  HY  MRS.  i;?.  D.  MORSE. 

I  NITKI)    STATKS    A.NII    CANADA. 


IM'RLISHKn  BY  MRS.  S.  D.  MORSE, 

NiAf.AKA    I-AI.I.S,    X.  Y.,   AMI   NlAf.ARA    FaI.LS,   0\T. 

1  Six;. 


-xaasiCo 


V^8/./^ 


r      t955 


TIIK  (,azi;ttk 

ART    I'KINTIN".    IlnlSK, 
NIAOAKA    FALLS,    N.  Y. 


f 

.1 


•i.\' 


i 


iiittT 
will 

\ 

AUKI 

It  w. 
to  \v 
Pros 
hy  til 

ISS.") 
I' 

Icadir 
T 

liisto 

i 


I 


. 


^i^  ^h>  1^  rsilj 


lllv  world  has  ')Ut  one 
Xiaiiara,  the  wdiuIlt 
and  ])ride  otall  civilized 
nations.  If  \vc  wonid 
attcni])t  to  .yivc  the 
reader  a  pen  pietin-'-  ot 
Niaji^ara  I'allswe  woidd 
fail.  The  ohjeet  ofiliis 
hook  is  to  ])oint  ont  all  the  ])laees  oi 
interest,  and  assist  the  reader  in  sueh  a  manner  thai  a  visit  to  the  I'alls 
will  be  one  of  pleasnre  and  jjrofit. 

We  will  sup])ose  now,  reader,  that  yon  have  landed  at  the  de])ot  on  thv 
American  side.  About  five  minutes  walk  will  take  you  to  I'rospect  Park 
It  woidil  be  well  ])erl'.aps  to  state  here  th.'it  the  distances  are  too  jireat 
to  walk  to  all  ])oints  of  interest  and  for  fifteen  cents  yon  can  ride  all  over. 
Prospect  Park  contains  one  hinidred  and  seven  acres.  It  was  j)nrchased 
by  the  State  of  New  York,  and  form.nlly  opened  to  tlie  jjublic  on  July  lo, 
iSiSf).  I-"rom  Prospect  Point  a  fine  view  of  the  I-'alls  and  (ior<.je  can  be  had. 
Passintj  up  the  river  bjink  a  short  distance,  you  come  to  the  bridge 
leadinjr  to  (loat  Island,  which  se])arates  the  American  and  Horseshoe  I'alls. 
This  isthe  larj^est  island  of  the  >irou]),containinfjsi.xty  acres.  In  the  early 
historv  of  this  island  it  was  called  Iris  Island,  because  of  the  manv  beautiful 


A<rriv«l  if  (.nUa^ft'onVaivn  >.y  NTCCep<>- 


i.KKATi;\    MAC.  A  K  A. 


r 


rainbows  that  socmt-d  to  span  it.  Later  on  it  was  used  as  a  ])astuix>  ior 
goiits,  hence  its  jjresent  name.  One  of  the  notable  events  mentioned  in  the 
history  of  this  island  is  that  of  Israel  Putnian  bein<j;  the  lirst  white  man  to 
cross  it.  While  enj^a^ed  in  a  campaign  aj^iiinst  Fort  Niagara  in  17");",  he 
drifted  down  the  rapidsin  a  small  boat.l-nnded  on  tiie  island,  and  was  towed 
back  to  shore  bv  a  r()j)e  that  had  been  fastened  to  the  boat  for  the  jjurjiose. 
He  undertook  the  venture  for  a  wager.  This  isl.'ind  was  sjicred  to  thelnrlian 
as  a  burial  groxmd  for  their  chiefs. 

The  affianced  bride  of  a  young  Indian  chief  died,  the  Indian  burial  cere- 
monies were  performed  and  her  remains  laid  beneath  the  sod.  The  chief  and 
affianced  husband  of  the  Indian  maiden  was  ff)und  by  the  grave  of  her  he  so 
fondlv  loved. 


"  (lonc  from  the  forest,  gone  from  the  river. 
An  £irr<)w  in  the  chief  s  heart  (piivcrs; 
Bravely  she  jiassed  defith's  dark  ]K)rtal, 
(lave  tiji  tliis  life  for  a  sjnrit  immortal. 

Lost  tVoni  the  forest,  lost  from  the  river, 

Silently  the  leaves  on  the  tree  shivers. 

As  gently  closing  her  eyes  in  sleej) 

She  joins  in  the  songs  of  the  s])irits  that  never  weep. 

()one  from  the  forest,  gone  <5ver  the  river, 
(ione  to  rest  in  the  arms  of  the  giver; 
My  heart  was  broken,  all  hojje  dejiartcfl, 
.\s  on  the  jotimey  of  fleath  she  started. 

Lost  from  my  wigwam    lost  from  my  eamj)  live,     - 
Never  did  the  (ireat  S])irt  bind  any  hijiher 
My  love  could  not  keej)  her  while  death's  chill  jjower 
Lingered  within  my  (Hicen's  bower. 

1  go  to  my  love  from  me  death  could  not  sever, 
Sof)n  we  shall  meet  in  the  spirit  world  forever. 
There  we  shall  join  in  the  glad  hosanna 
Our  hearts  made  one,  nndcr  the  (Veat  Spirit's  l)anner. 


1 


tiRKATEK      MACAKA. 


iiv  lor 
in  the 
lan  to 
'");"),  he 
towed 
irpose. 
Indi.'iii 

il  eere- 
lef  imd 
r  he  so 


: 


A  few  minutes  walk  takes  you  to  Luna 
Island,  so  ealled  beeause  it  is  the  best  point 
from  whieh  to  view  the  Lunar  How.  It  is 
separated  from  Cioat  Islaiul  by  a  stream 
one  hundred  feet  wide.  The  view  up  and  \^ 
down  the  river  is  readily  ajjpreeiated  by  the 
visitor. 

Returninj^  to  (ioat    Isl.'ind   we  proeeed 
to  the    Hiddle    Stairs,  whieh   were  erected 

in  lISL'i)  by  Mr.  Riddle,  president  of  he  Tnited  States  Hank  of  Phil- 
adelphia, for  the  purpose  of  enabling  visitors  to  descend  to  the  Cave  of 
the  Winds.  They  are  eijjhty  feet  hifijh  and  contain  one  hundred  and  forty- 
eight  steps.  There  are  also  dressing-rooms  for  those  who  wish  to  enter  tlie 
Cave  of  the  Winds. 

This  cave  is  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet  wide  an  one  hundred  feet 
high.  To  enter  this  it  is  necessary  to  put  on  water-jn-oof  'b  cs  and  obtain 
a  guide.      Cost  $1.0(t.      In  front   the  trans])arent   fall  s  a   beautiful 

screen,  and,  when  the  sun  shines,  a  beautiful  rainbow  (piae  nlar  in  form 

quivers  amid  the  driving  sjiray.  The  tremendous  atmospherical  pressiu'e 
causes  i\  tumult,  giving  the  impression  of  constant  storm.  No  tourist 
shoidd  miss  seeing  this  wonderful  cavern. 

The  Cave  of  the  Winds  is  under  the  American  Falls  and  w.'is  formed 
l)V   the    action    of  the    water  on    the    soft    substratum    of  the    precipice, 


"yy\ 


\^ 


.  i.;-4ai?L. i._J 


SC1£.NE    IN    iHU    I'AKK. 


I",  H  I,  A  TKK      MAIVAKA. 


n»iiii<(ill^*ifW».'".  , 


which  iias  hcoii 
washed  away,  kav- 
in<^  ail  arch  ovcrlicad 
oxtcndinj,'  thirty  tlrt 
■".■:xiS     hey* Mid  tlie    hasc. 

Tlic  Three  Sister 
Islands  are  eoiiiiected 
with  (ioat  Island  liy 
thn".'  beautiful  foot 
liridjies.     -tv.,i„iL '^•'  "  ■>■  '*- , 


'  i 


"I. 


HOW  ro  .si:i:  MiA(iAi?/\  r/\ii..s  roi?  $i.(H). 

/^^F  the  million  and  ;i  halt'  of  people  that  visit  the  I'alls  annually,  the 
^-^  ni.ijority  j^o  away  with  a  feeliuf^  of  disappointment,  and  the  masses  of 
thepeople  that  eome  here  for])leasure  and  recreation  are  the  toilers — thehusy 
business  men  and  women — c()nse(|uently,  only  a  short  time  can  be  spent  in 
travel  .and  reci-eation,  Jind  the  means  to  sustain  a  prolonj,'ed  visit,  is  a  ])oint 
to  lie  considered  by  many.  If  you  manage  wisely  it  is  worth  while  to  cross 
the  continent  just  to  see  Xiajj^ara,  if  only  a  few  hours  can  be  spent  here. 
Most  jieople  who  are  here  for  a  i\:\\  or  two  waste  a  larjje  part  of  their  time 
so  limited  and  precious,  and  almost  wholly  lose  the  real  opportunities. 
They  ^o  to  the  wronjr  places  and  do  the  wronj.^  thinjjjs,  and  so  waste  not 
only  time  but  money,  and  u..ss  the  deli<;hts  and  benefits  the  place  ministers 
to  its  visitors. 

The  ])r()j.jress  of  the  times  has  been  anticipated 
by  the  (iorjjje  Road  on  the  American  side,  and  the 
River  Railway  on  the  Canadian  side.  The  vast  amount 
«if  business  done  by  these  two  comjianies  is  sufficient 
attcstatifm  of  the  fidelity  of  their  man.'ijj;ement  to 
the  best  interests  of  the  travelinj^  jiublie,  and  their 
wisd<im  in  meeting  in  such  a  thorouj^h  manner  the 
increasinjj  and  most  exaetin<^  rcMjuirements  of  a 
comfort-loving  peojile,  a  veritable  nation  of  travelers.      '^j_i 

.\fter  purchasing  a  ticket  at  the  (lorgc  R.-dlway 
ofKce  for  $1.00,  take  cirs  at  the  monument.  In  a 
few  moments  you  are  going  through  the  center  of  the  great 
"  Power  City,"  past  factories  and  mills,  then  beautiful  homes 
with  broad  lawns  and  abundance  of  flowers,  and  in  a  short 
time  you  art*  at  the  Devil's  Hole,  three  miles  from  the  Falls. 
This  is  ;i  large  chasm  in  the  bank  of  the  river.  \  small  stream 
of  water  called  Bloody   Run   empties  into   the  river  at   this 


poll 
Eng 
sold 
hire' 
thei 
oiil\ 
jum 


# 


"  (. 


f.  k  i:  A  T  i:  K      MAI.AKA. 


.MASSACK1-;    AT    DKVIl.'S    IIOI.K. 

point.  This  point  cillcd  Kcvil's  Hole  is  noted  in  liistory  for  tlie  massacre  of 
Enjiilish  soldiers  in  17().'5.  A  w.'i-^on  train  of  provisions  and  six  hundred 
soldiers  were  to  pass  that  way  from  one  fort  to  another,  and  the  French 
hired  the  Indians  to  lie  in  amhush  for  the  troops.  The  wily  Indians  did 
their  work  so  well,  that  the  little  stream  of  water  ran  red  with  blood,  and 
only  three  escaped  to  tell  the  story.  A  sold*  t  hid,  and  a  drunnner  lioy 
jumped  down  the  embankment  and  lodtjed  in  the  bushes.    .\  Mr.  Stedman 


r,  R  E  A  T  E  K      NIAGARA. 


escaped  In-  the  fleetiiess  of  his  horse.  The  Indians  were  so  surprised  at  i.ii? 
flight  unharmed,  amid  a  shower  of  bullets,  tliat  they  attril)uted  it  to  the 
proteetiou  of  the  (ireat  Spirit,  and  to  a])pease  the  an;j;ry  j^ods  they  jjave  Mr. 
SU'din.'iu  vast  farminjj^  lands,  which  he  owned  until  the  State  of  New  York 
disputed  his  titles. 

Now  we  will  come  face  to  fa'      v  'ature's  threat  hook.     .Vs  pa<re  after 

page  opens  in  cpiiek  succession,  ^luily  ■  lost  in  oblivion,  and  we  seem  ;i 
p.'irt  of  N.'iture's  edirice. 

The  dee])  j^orge  is   reacl  vit..       fty  cliffs  on  either  side,  holding  in 

durance  forever  the  course  .  e  spent  stream,  blightiiifj  all  hope  of  tli.udit 
over  the  clitfs'  towerinj.^  sides.  From  the  brink  cedars,  bush  and  n.  'vnd 
low,  as  if  dazed  by  the  depth  Jind  tlv.'  jj^loom  of  the  chasm  below. 

Lewiston  is  reached,  the  center  of  river  traffic,  v.'herc  we  cross  the  river 
by  ferry,  making  a  pleasant  change.  It  was  here  without  a  doubt  the  Falls 
once  ])assed  over  the  rocks  at  Queenston  Heights. 

Von  scea  i)art  ofa  bridge  suspended  in  mid-air.  (Secjudgellulett's  notes 
on  bridges.)  Take  the  River  Electric  Railway.  (See  Canon  lUdl's  Notes 
and  \'ictori;i  I'ark  notes.)  We  find  lunch,  fruit  and  confections  at  all  steps 
along  the  route.  We  can't  miss  the  stop  at  Whirlpool  Ra])ids.  (See 
Hulett's  notes.)  Then  on  through  without  a  sto|)  till  Chi])pewa  is  reached  ; 
then  back  again  to  \'ictoria  I'.'irk.  Here  you  will  find  all  that  mortal  man 
could  desire  to  eat  and  drink.  All  .aiong  the  route  on  both  sides  of  the  lines 
we  see  baza.'irs,  where  many  unicpie  Indian  ctu-iositics  .are  kejjt,  and  in  vcrv 
many  of  the  large  places  fine  collections  of  views  of  the  I'alls  are  on  sale  at 
very  reascmable  i)rices.  Don't  miss  a  trip  under  the  Horseshoe  Fall;  then 
cross  the  bridge  (])ricc  ten  cents)  opposite  Hawlcy's  famous  Hazaar.  Or 
you  can  go  down  the  Inclined  Railw.'iy  (  cost  live  cents  )  to  the  .Maid-of-thc- 
Mist  landing;  take  a  s.ail  over  their  route  (cost  fiftv  cents);  and  .again  we 
can  either  walk  up  the  incline  or  ride  in  the  elcv.alor  (cost  ten  cents).  Now 
wc  are  back  to  starting  ])oint. 

.Now  this  entire  ront^-  can  be  gone  over  in  h.-df  n  day  and  have  j)lentv 
of  time  to  see  the  F;ills  at  leisure,  as  the  tri|)  cm  be  m;idc  without  a 
s:o])  in  a  very  shoi  t  time.  The  tri]»  to  liufT.-i'o  iind  return,  ami  the  rouml 
trip  by  the  River  Railw.'iy  .-ind  'lorge  R.ailw.-iy  c;in  .all  be  accomplished  in 
one  (l;iv  or  h.alf  a  dav. 


Ivacli  wave  tli.-it  lie;ils  aj.;.'tinst  tlie  rock 
And  s])cn(ls  itscll   in  eni]pl\-  s])r;iy, 

Seems  v.'tsted,  yet  in  tniic  the  shock 
Has  iielped  to  wear  the  elitV  away. 


r,  K I-:  A  r  i;  R    m  a  <;  \  k  a  . 


Ni/ViAiM  \}\\'m, "  rm;  rnuMDiiuiNCi  wateils." 

^  I  ^HAT  i)()rtit)n  of  tlie  St.  LawrciKv  stream  which  Hcs  1)etwccn  Lake  Erie 
-*-  and  Lake  Ontario  is  called  Niagara  River  (the  Thunderinfi;  Waters). 
This  river  intersects  an  istlnnus  of  thirty-three  and  one-half  miles  lonjj;,  divid- 
ing the  lakes.  The  level  of  Ontario  is  three  lumdred  and  thirty-three  feet 
lower  than  that  of  Ivrie.it  is  evident  that  the  river  nmst  descend  very  rajndly. 
The  descent  can  be  classified  in  three  divisions.  l-'irst,  the  Rapids,  which 
acc<)ni])lishes  tifty-tive  feet  in  less  than  a  mile.  Second,  the  Falls  themselves, 
which  have  .'i  dejjth  of  about  one  hundred  and  sixty  feet;  .and  third, 
the  river  below  the  l-'alls,  which  descends  one  hundred  and  five  feet  or 
more,  leaving  thirtien  feet  for  the  rlescent  of  the  river  below  the  out- 
let   of    I'^ric    and    tlie    beginning    of   the    Ra|)i<ls.       The   outcome    of    four 


Or 

)f-the- 

\iu  we 

Now 


10 


(1  ki;ati;k    ma<;  aka. 


mij^litv  lakes,  draiiiiiiji  liaH'  a  (.oiUiiKiit  tliniii;;li  this  i-liaiiiR'l  iiitu 
the  hasiii  of  Ontario,  jiives  an  etllri  which  tor  j;;ian(icnr  and  a  sense 
of  irresistible  power  has  no  parallel  on  the  I'aee  of  the  e;irlh.  The 
mind  can  hardly  eoneeixe  or  at  once  ^r.-isp  the  thought  of  the  mighty 
foree  involved  in  this  plinige  over  the  roeUs  ol"  one  Innidred  million 
tons  of  water  exiry  hoin-,  year  after  year,  eentnry  alter  eeiitin-y.  The 
tonrist  has  only  to  sit  in  silenee  within  sight  and  soniul  of  the  Latfiraet  for 
a  hrief  pei-iod  to  find  that  its  inexpressible  niajt'sty  <lor.iinates  the  senses 
ami  brings  one  helplessly  benea'h  its  spell.  Come  with  ns  down  the  steep  on 
tlie  Canadian  side  ;i  few  hinidreil  yards  from  the  I'.alls,  for  here,  and  no  where 
else,  yon  see  the  l~;dls  to  sneh  ;idv;tntage.  Sit  down  there  among  the  roeks 
awhile.  \'on  will  bieonie  completely  fascinated,  yon  will  feel  that  von  ai'e  no 
longer  of  this  world  ;  but  ;is  you  listen  and  listen  to  tin.'  indisi'rib.able  nielodv 


I' 


(i  i<  !■:  A  T  I-:  li     \  I  .\r,  .\  u  a  . 


11 


<)t    lliesc    nii,ulu_v   waters    a  most    ^inridus    lianiKmv  ;j;r(i\vs    out  (if  all    this 
tumult. 

I'oels  have  licc-oinc  intoxicated  with  its  inajcsty  and  beauty  and  cii- 
shrincd  llicir  harmony  in  verse  and  sonj^j.  Artists  haveeau.tiht  the  inspira- 
tion and  spread  on  eanvas  bits  ot  this  ever  ehanj,'in,ii'  seen'.' ol"  jirandenr  and 
]  ower  (itlv  erowned  witli  a  halo  ot  ;:iorv.  Novelists  have  iiazed  with 
wonder,  etitraneed,  and  out  of  the  dreani\  mis.  ideals  arose,  onlv  to  hint  at 
tre.'isnres  stored,  and  the  world  has  been  p!...sed. 

Hut  to  ;,ienius  (lod  entrusted  the  key  to  this  golden  mine  ot  power  and 
we.'dlh,  seienee  and  eueri^v  elasjied  hands  and  with  ;in  iron  ^rasji  unlocked 
the  vohe'd  storehouse,  ojiened  wide  its  |)oiiden.us  doors  and  like  a  meteor 
heaven  sent,  Hashed  forth  the  inexhaustible  streams  of  power  and  wealth, 
i'o  Renins  is  ^iven  the  jtweled  crown,  but  science  anil  erieruy  hold  the 
sceptre  that  will  .gladden  the  hearts  of  nun,  while  ilx>c  waters  How  and 
lime  rolls  o!i  and  on. 


I     into 

1   sense 

The 

nighty 

nitlion 

The 

let  for 

senses 

ee]i  on 

\\  here 

rocks 

ire  no 

neiodv 


NOTILS  \V\  \{\\'.  .1.  W.  WILSON,  niAdAIM  \,\\.\.S  SOU  11 1,  ON  I". 

NIACjAKA  is  the  name  known   to  e\eiyone.     It  is  ilic  .liriat   natural  phe- 
nomenon, the  wonder  ot  the  world.      To  see  tons  ot  wiiicr  tundilinj; 
accordinjj:    to     natiue's     law    oi 

gravit.ition    over   a    precipice   of      "^^ -^    -^       -^  ,^. 
rock  may  at  first  si^lit  be  disap-  ;*:  ■•.    v 

pointinji,    but    to   sit   and   allow  , 

Natme  to   sjjcak   in    its    tlnuideriiiii    tone-    to   the  ^  - 

inmost  sold,  can  we  wonder  that  ^ 

"  The  poor  Iixlian  whose  tinluloied  niiud 
Se'cs  (lod  in  cloud  ;ind  hears  him  in  the  wind  " 

should  fall  down  in  ador- 
ation and  acknowledge 
the  voice  of  the  (ireat 
i^Iiirit  ? 

In    visiting  this  won- 
<ler  of  Nature  it  is  vain  to 


[•eXkV*  -     ^^^   - 


C.  R  K  A  T  K  K      N  I  A  <;  A  K  A  . 


12 

rush    about, 

to  hurry.     It 

is  not  merely 

wliat  we  see, 

not  merely 

the    shape, 

eolor     and 

outward  ap- 

j)  e  a  ra  n  e  c 

that  our  eye 

may  have  im- 

])erfe'jtiy  deteeted,  but  what  impression  has  been  wroujjjht  upon  the  mind? 

What  new  idea  and  inspiration  has  arisen  in  the  soul?      And    where   does 

Nature  s])eak   in   sueh   diverse  tones  as   here?     Standinj:;  near  the  brink  of 

the  preeipiee  where  the   vast    volume  rolls  itself  into   the  foaminj,"-,   boilinj.^ 

chasm   beneath   we  seem   to  see  humanity  blindly  hurlinj;  itself  over  the 

preeipiee  into  eternity.     \Vhe''e?    Sit  I     Ponder!     Contemplate.     This  is   no 

])laee  for  butterflies,  but  for  earnest  thiidxins.^  souls. 

As  we  ])ass  to  the  Kai)ids  abo\e,  that  wei;,dity  feelin;,^  of  immensity 
leaves  us.  The  watei"  as  it  rapidly  dashes  over  the  roeks  is  more  in  play. 
Now  it  jrandtols  alonj^  in  a  s])orlive  mood,  suddenlv  it  seems  possessed  by 
a  demon  of  unrest  and  eaj.,a'rly  Inu'ls  itself  into  maddening  foam.  We  eateli 
the  s])irit  of  the  water  .and  varied  emotions  ])lay  u])on  the  soul.  The  worry 
and  care  which  ])tr])lc.\cd  the  sotiJ  vanishes. 

.\niidst  the  islands  ])nma'val  solitude  jirevails.  The  little  limpid  streams 
run  (piietly  over  the  ])ebbly  beds  a])parently  unconscious  of  the  rushini;  strife 
so  near.  Xothin;;;  so  rests  the  weary,  tired  si^ht-seer  as  a  gentle  stroll  in 
these  secluded  places.  It  is  like  cnterinj.;  the  chand)er  and  shutting  the  door 
to  be  alone  with  Nature  and  with  Nature's  (iod. 

Truly  the  whole  scene  is  re])lete  with  life  and  \iiicc  wliicli  should  leave 
an  abiding  impression  in  the  mind  of  cverv  on*.'. 


TAUV-IK)   IIXVI   IMirrALO    W)  XIAdAIM   \"\\.\S 


'TT^niS  |ilcasant  mode  of  travel  is  enjoved 
-*-  largely  by  Huffalo  people  every  ])leasanl 
day.  This  elej^ant  four  horse  Knj,dish  coach 
can  lie  seen  about  the  I-'alls  loaded  with  a 
jolly  ]»rirty  out  for  a  day's  ])Ieasure  ride. 


m 


?/.^) 


(.I<  l:  ATKK       N  I  A(.  AK  A  . 


KJ 


(^Ur:l:N  VI(TOI?l/\  \y<\\)\\,  NI;\(i/\l^/\  I/ALLS.  ON  I" 


HY  jAMKS   uni.hlNAN,    ACCIIINIANT    ().    V.     I'AKK. 


''Ww^ 


F^^ 


T^HIS   l)(.-autit'iil    and    inaj^niHeent 
■*■      |)ark  st.'mds  torcniost  anioiij^st 


■^::<^ 


VIKW  OF      VICTORIA   I'ARK. 


the  attractions  offered  to  visitors 
and  tourists  at  Xia,t;ara  I'alls.  It  is 
the  property  of  the  (lovernment  of 
Ontario,  and  nianaj^ed  l)y  eoniniis- 
•■ioners  ajjpointed  hy  tlie  Province. 
The  territory  embraces  liie  orijiinal 
reserve  of  sixty-six  feet  in  width 
alon,i:;  tlie  entire  streteli  of  the  Niag- 
ara River  from  Lake  Erie  to  Lake 
Ontario — a  distance  of  thirty-four 
miles — to  wiiich  larj^e  tracts  of  l.and  iiave  heen  added  by  jiurchase  for  ])ark 
purposes,  eomprisinii  an  aj^^-rejrate  area  of  six  hundred  and  seventy-five 
iieres.  The  park  was  estal)hsiie(l  under  an  act  of  the  Provinci.al  Lcfjislature, 
passed  in  1SS7.  and  was  officially  opened  to  the  jniblic  on  the  24-th  of 
May.  ISS.S. 

LOCATION. 

The  lands  at  first  selected  contained  an  area  of  only  one  hundred  and 
fifty-four  and  one-half  .'leres  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  I*\'dls.  This  is, 
of  course,  the  most  im])ortant  section  of  the  ])ark  system,  and  extends 
jiouthward  from  the  ujjper  Suspension  Hriilge  past  the  American  and 
Horseshoe  I'.'ills  to  the  head  of  the  I'pper  Rapids,  .a  distance  ot  two  .and 
one-half  miles.  \'iewe(l  from  the  main  entrance  opposite  the  Clifton  Hous;, 
the  park  embraces  the  crescent  shaped  plane,  lyinj;  between  the  western 
^hore  of  the  river 
;ind  the  crest  of  the 
richly  wooded  blulV 
wliicii  forms  its 
western  boiuidary. 
In  width  v.'iryinj.; 
from  one  lumdred 
to  ti\e  hundred 
vards,  it  alVords 
within  its  area  the 
most  attractive  and 
c  o  m  p  r  e  hen  si  \e 
views  ot  the  ;.;real 
Cataractsand  of  the 


14 


CKHATKK      NIA<;  AKA. 


-Kaijids,  whicli  f.'iii 
l)c  had  at  Xiaj^r.'ir.i 
F  alls.  K  r  o  m 
"  Kanil)lcrs'  Rest."  "Inspiration 
Point  "  and  "  Tal)l«.'  Rock  "  tlic  views 
ottlic  AnK-rican  and  Horsoslioc  Frills 
arc  of  the  most  ini])rc'ssivc  andinspir- 
in;.j  character.  Owin^  to  its  close 
])roxiniity  to  the  Horseshoe  I'alls, 
"Ta'.'le  Rock"  has  always  been  the 
favorite  ])oint  for  observation  1  v 
tourists.  Here  they  usually  avail  themselves  of  the  service  of  a  j^uide  ar.d 
water-proof  clothinj;  to  enjoy  the  tri])  "  Fuder  the  Falls,"  wl.cre  alone  they 
can  obtain  an  ade(|uate  conception  of  the  tremendous  fone  '.  f  the  nii;.jhty 
torrent  as  it  rolls  over  the  precipice  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  above  the 
heads  of  the  spectators  and  plunfjes  witii  an  awful  tr.ish  into  the  seethin;Lj 
C£ddron  beneath.  It  was  from  this  vantajj;e  ])oint  that  Moore,  I>ickens, 
Mrs.  Sijjourney,  Montgomery  and  hosts  of  other  n(>te(l  ])oets  and  writers 
viewed  the  sublime  grandeur  of  the  surrounding  s;enery,  and  endxxlicd 
their  inspirations  in  those  beautiful  and  sul)]ime  deSL'ri])tions  which  have 
spread  the  fame  of  Xiaj^ara  over  every  region  of  tlic  civilized  world. 

The  f()llowinj.(  lines,  coni])osed  about  a  cent'irv  and  a  half  aj.j(),  by  one 
of  America's  noblest  pioneer  missionaries,  convey  a  vivid  impression  of  tiie 
()verpowerin;.j  majesty  and  sublimity  of  the  fallintj  mass  of  waters  viewed 
from  the  base  of  "Talile  Rock," 


Till-:    I-Al.I.S   OI'    .NIAC.AKA. 

The  tliou.ulus  .-111.-  straujiv  lll;it  ciowd  iiUn  iii\    lir.-iiii 

WIicii  I  look  ii])\vanl  to  tlice.     Il  wmild  sccin 

.\s  irCiod  ])<)ur(.(l  tliee  from  Ills  "liollow  liain'," 

.\ii(l  luuiji  his  l)()\v  ii])()ii  thine  awtul  trout; 

.\n<l  spoke  in  that  loud  voice  which  seemed  to  liiii 

Who  dwelt  in  I'atnios  for  his  S,iv:otu-'s  sake, 

'    The  sound  of  many  waters,"  and  had  bade 

Thy  flood  to  chronicle  the  ajjes  l)fiek, 

.\nd  notch  his  centuries  in  the  eternal  rocks. 

Pee])  calleth  tnito  dee]).     .\n<l  wliat  are  we 

That  jiear  the  (|ti-.'!-'tion  of  that  voice  sutihine? 

Oil  I  what  are  rdl  the  notes  that  ever  Y\n\\>, 

Frntn  war's  vain  tnunpet,  by  thy  thunderiuvj  side? 

Yea,  what  is  all  the  riot  that  man  nudges 

In  his  sliort  lite  to  thy  imceasinji  roar  ? 

.\nd  yet,  liold  bal)l)ler,  what  art  thou  to  Ilim 

Who  drown'd  a  w<irld,  and  hea])ed  the  wiiteis  l";i.' 

Aliove  its  loftiest  mountains? — n  li.u'ht  wave 

That  breaks,  and  whisjx-rs  of  its  Maker's  mi.uhl. 

—  HriiiiicnI. 


can 


I 


c,  K  i;ati;k     n  i  ac,  a  k  a  . 


15 


PICNIC   (IKOINDS. 


Tho  apiK-araiKc  of  llic  river  above  the  Falls,  dashed  into  foaniinjr  sj)rav 
as  it  rushes  iVoin  led,u:e  to  ledj^'e  of  rock  bed,  ])rei)arat<)r\' to  its  final  piunjie 
over  the  ])recipiee,  is  indeed  ^^rand  and  impressive  in  the  hijj;hest  degree.  Tlie 
lovely  sylvan  islets  which  constitute  the  Dufl'erin  group  of  islands,  lie  in  an 
arm  of  the  river  at  the  upjier  or  southernmost  end  of  the  park.  Tliis  section 
is  ;i  region  of  fairy-like  cncliantment— a  fitting  alxxle  for  the  Xaiads  of  old— 
where  tiie  visitor  will  linger  with  fond  delight,  ?ind  ih  ir.  wlMch  l.e  will 
de])art  with  unfeigned  regret. 

I.Ml'KOVK.MK.N  IS     A.\l>     ACCO.M.MO- 
DATIO.NS. 

I'nder  tlie  energetic  and  enlight- 
ened management  of  the(iovernment 
Commissioners  great  improvements 
have  b(  en  effected  in  the  renovating 
and  1)ea;itifv'cngoflhe  grounds,  which 
elicit  the  universal  commendation 
of  visitors.  Previous  to  the  acrjuisi- 
tion  of  the  groinids  1)y  the  Provincial 
(iovernment,  there  was  no  |)l:iee 
where  large  bodies  of  visitors  or 
excursionists  might  retire  for  rest  and  recreation.  Beyond  tlie  limits  of  th'.- 
<lustyilrive way  along  the  edge  of  the  river  l)ank.  they  had  no  right  to  intrude  ; 
hut  now,  ha])pily,  all  this  has  been  changed  for  the  l)etter.  Am])le  facilitits 
.are  at  ])resent  .'ilVordccl  them  beneath  the  sjjrcading  sliade  trees  for  enjoying 
rest  and  recreation  where  they  are  invigorated  by  the  cool  breezes  con- 
stantly created  by  the  falling  mass  of  waters.  Hcautiful  graveled  walks 
and  driveways  have  been  constructed  in  all  directions;  flowering  shrul  s 
h.-ive  been  ]tlanlc<I  along  the  principal  lines  of  travel,  and  magnificent  beds 
of  the  choicest  annuals  add  tl.eir  beauty  and  their  fragrance  to  the  enjoy- 
ment of  the  visitor.  In  close  proximity  to  the  Ilorseshoi-  Falls  s|)acious  ])ic- 
nic  grounds  have  been  |)rovidcd,  where  thousands  of  visitors  may  be  seen 
daily  during  the  excursion  season  enjoying  their  refreshments — the  acce; - 
sories  of  comfortable  seals  and  tables  inidei-  the  und)rageous  shade  tret:^ 
with  an  abundant  supply  of  hot  water  for  tea  and  colVce  and  of  excellen . 
spring  water — all  furnisiied,  free  of  cost,  by  the  park  authorities.  The 
district  is  very  favorable  to  vegetable  growth.  The  mildness  of  the  climate 
comI)ine(l  with  the  humidiiy  of  the  atmospiiere  has  produced  a  wonderful 
varictv  and  abiuidance  in  its  natural  flora,  which  contains  many  s])ecimens 
usuallv  restricted  to  a  more  ti-opical  latit\ule,  and  also  many  not  found 
elsewhere  in  Canada.  An  herbarium,  consisting  of  over  a  thousand  spec- 
imens,neatly  mo  Mited,  may  be  seen  at  the  Superintendent's  office  in  the  ])ark. 
With  such  C' -niforts  and  accouimodalions  for  the  put)lie,  combined  with 
the  inimitable  gran.icin-  of  the  surroiuiding  scenery,  one  need  not  wonder  at 


16 


GRKA'IKR      XIA<.A1<A. 


KAMtll.KRS     KKST. 

the  marvelous  popularity  whicli  tlie  i)arU  lias  so  rajjidly  attained ;  nor  ean 
one  seriously  (|uestion  the  jesthetie  taste  of  those  entliusiastie  admirers  who 
have  so  felicitously  named  the  park  tlie  "Canadian  Paradise." 

SCKMC     ATTK  ACTIONS. 

No  matter  how  limited  tlie  time  at  the  dis])osal  of  the  visitor,  or  how 
anxious  he  may  he  to  leonomize  it,  to  enable  him  to  explore  the  mysteries  of 
the  river  .lior;,^'  helow  the  Falls,  he  will  always  feel  an  irresistible  desire  to 
protraet  his  visit,  to  remain  just  a  little  lon;,fer  in  this  delijihtful  re.uion. 
Sometiiin;^  yet  remains  to  be  seen,  lu- he  is  impelled  to  take  another  <,danec 
at  some  especial  attraction  wliich  has  left  the  liveliest  impression  on  iiis 
mind.  When  lie  first  Jirrived,  there  was  no  rainliow  to  be  seen.  Its  absence 
was  unnoticed  amidst  tlie  varied  attractions  of  iliescener\  that  h.ad  eii^aj^ed 
his  attention.  Hut  some  hours  liave  passed  by  swiftly.  The  sun  has  p.-issed 
the  meridian,  and  is  now  well  onward  in  his  western  course.  His  bri_i,dit 
rays  permeate  the  lofty  columns  of  spray,  arising  like  incense,  before  tile 
throne  of  the  ini^lity  cataracts;  and,  as  if  by  nia,!,nc,  those  clouds  of  ascend 
in^  incense  are  suddenly  crowK'd  with  a  be.'iutiful  diadem,  n  inaujiiificent 
cor(Mi;d,  the  most  <j;lorious  of  ra'iil)i>ws — rich  in  its  prism.'itie  colors,  .'ind 
perfect  in  its  outline,  a  ii.'ipjiy  tok  .-n  of  "(rod's  j^ood  will  to  man,"  s]).'innin}j^ 
the  ,'iwiul  ch.'ism  and  liindin.y  lo,!.:etiKr  in  li;irnionioiis  brdthcrhood  the 
inhabitants  of  two  adjoiiiinj^'  ii;ilioiis. 

I'efore  Ic'ivin^^  tile  ;.;rounds  the  attention  ■>('  liie  visitor  is  once  moi'e 
arrested  at  "Ramblers'  Rest,"  wiiich  comniands  an  especially  lieautifnl 
,'ind  eomjireheiisive  view.  The  Horseshoe  I'alls  is 
now  on  tile  ri,L;iit  hand  and  iialf  a  niik  dist.'int, 
while  the  American  I'alis  is  directly  in  front.  The 
view  embraces  the  ])icturesrpie  r.'i|)ids  al)ove  tlie 
American  Fails  to  tlic  head  oftioat  Island,  spanned 


li  K  K  Ali:i<      MA  (.A  HA. 


17 


iiitit'iil 


hut  a  fi-w  liimdrcd  yards  aliovf  till'  calaract  !iy  llii'  lirid;^^  wliiili  cniimvls 
(loal  Island  wiili  llic  inainlaiul. 

l'n)S|Rrt  Park,  a  porlioii  of  tlic  New  York   Slatt-   Rtscrvalioii, 
alive  with  visitors  t'a<j;c'i-|\'    iiti-iit  iijion  vicwiii;.,'  tlif  siiiioiiiidiii.L^s, 

is  stvii  to    tlif  k'ft  of  till.- 
^  I'alls,     as     viiwcd      iVom 

fr^  "  KainhlcTs'  Rest."    wliilc 

sniiic  distance  lartlur 
down,  the  river  is  spanned 
liy  ;i  iiandsoniesuspeiision 
l)rid,!4e,  nearly  a  (|narter 
of  a  mile  in  len^^th,  and 
desii^iied  for  tlieaeeonuno- 
-'■  (lation  of  earriaj^es  ,ind  pedestri.-ins.  At  the  foot 
of  tile  I'.'dls  the  slauneli  little  steamer,  "Alaid-of 
the-Mist,"  erowded  with  her  ])reeious  load  of 
tonrists,  is  stemming  the  still"  eni'rent  and  ^lidiii^y;  onward  throniih  a  re_i;ion 
of  mists,  sparkling  with  the  ^.^lowin;^  eolors  of  nnndierless  tniy  rainliows, 
toward  the;j;reut  Horseshoe  I'alls,  where  she  bathes  in  the  seethinjj^  ealdron 
and  retraces  her  course  to  her  landinjj;  to  cxchaiij^c  her  car^o  .and  continm- 
her  rounds.  The  steamer  also  ])eri'ornis  the  duties  of  an  iiitcrn;ition;d  lerry 
Uetween  the  i\merican  and  Canadian  shores,  conncctintj  at  either  side  with 
inclined  railways  ruunin};  to  the  top  of  the  clilTs. 

WIIIUI.I'OOI,     AM)     WlllKI."OOI,     KAI'IDS. 

Two  miles  below  the  I'alls  are  the  famous  Whirlpool  Rapids  and  Whirl 
ptM)l,  which,  in  the  estimation  of  tom'ists,  are  of  secondary  importance  oidy 
to   the  j,neat    cataracts.      They   are 
reache<l  by  N'ictoiia  I'arkway,.'i j^ood 
macadamu'd  road  along  the  toj)  of 


-'  ~r:^'-'':\^'l 


piiliSTljjn^vTgtfjon  • 


18 


<;  K  li  A  T  li  U      MA  (i  A  K  A  . 


the  river  hniik  fniiitiiij,'  the  town    ttl"  Ni.-iyani    Vn]U. 

The  principal   iiitervciiin;,'  attriiotioiis  are   tlie  upper 

r^    Suspension  Hridjjje.  ahxady  alluded  to,  the  Cantilever, 

j^r^'j-I^''^      ^      a  (loul)le-tracke(l  railwav  hridj^e  owned  Ity  the  Mieh- 

'^■Ift>v.;i   pj  i;rj,n  Central,  and  the  Railway  Snspensi(ni  Bridge,  the 

ni)per  deck  of  the  latter  heinj^  nsed  by  iheCirand  Trnidc 
Railway  and  the  lower  for  carriage  and  foot  travel.  These  hridj^es  are 
stron.ir  substantial  structures  and  much  admired  hy  visitors.  The  Whirlpool 
Rapids  conunenee  at  the  lower  bridge,  and  are  seen  to  best  advantage  at 
the  base  of  the  elilT  to  which  easy  access  may  be  had  by  an  inclined  railway. 
The  entire  volume  of  the  Niagara  River  is  here  forced  through  a  narrow 
gorge  onlv  a  few  hundred  feet  in  width.  i)roducing  the  wildest  stretch  of 
rajjids  on  the  river.  Rushing  from  this  turbulent  ])ortion  of  its  course,  the 
river  immediately  enters  the  far-famed  Whirlpool  which  may  be  said  to 
constitute  a  small  lake  in  itself,  hemmed  in  with  towering  cnd)ankments  two 
hundred  and  fifty  feet  high,  where  the  current  is  forced  round  and  round 
in  a  circular  direction,  until  it  fnially 
eriects  its  csca|)e  through  its  lofty 
prison  barriers  by  an  outlet  .ahnust 
at  right  angles  with  its  ])rcvious 
course. 

NIAC.AKA     C.I.KN. 

About  half  a  mile  below  the 
Whirlpool  is  a  large  section  of  the 
park  svstem,  hitherto  known  as  I'os- 

ter's  Flats,  but  now  designated  "  Niagara (jIcu."  It  oeeu])ies  a  large  plateau 
some  fifty  feet  above  the  river  level,  comprising  about  one  hundred  acres  in 
extent,  and  for  the  matchless  ])ietiires(pie  character  of  its  scenery  and  loca- 
tion can  scarcely  be  etpnded  anywhere.  Sheltered  from  the  cold  winds  by 
rocky  walls  on  both  sides,  lowering  two  hundred  leet  above  its  surface, 
with  an  atmosphere  impregnated  with  an  abundance  of  moisture  from  the 
lioisterous  rapids  that  swec]>  around  its  base,  its  climatic  conditions  are 
favorable  in  the  highest  degree  to  the  growth  and  perfection  of  vegetable 
life.  Cousecpiently  the  entire  glen  is  covered  with  a  tlense  growth  of  the 
forest  primeval,  inter.-ipersed  in  all  directions  with  huge  blocks  of  lime-stone 
rocks  of  the  most  weird  and  grotesque  shapes,  which  in  former  ages  broke 
away  from  the  adjoining  elilVs.  The  place  has  but 
recently  been  added  to  the  ])ark  system,  and  at  present 
is  scarcely  accessible  to  visitors;  but,  no  doubt,  within 
a  few  years,  it  will  be  made  available  to  the  pidilic  by 
imi)rovements  that  will  render  it  one  of  the  most 
attractive  points  in  the  vicinity  of  Niagara. 


r,  R  K  A  T  K  R     N  I  A  C.  AHA, 


19 


IIKOCK   S    MONIMKNT    A.\l>    OlIvKNSTON     II  KIC.IITS— (  ll.l.fSTKATll  >N,     PACK    Ij'.t.) 

TIk-  most  iiortlKi-ly  portion  of  the  (JiRvii  Victoria  r.-irk  system  availahli' 
to  visitors  is  known  as  Onccnston  IId>j;lits.      It  comprises  a  Ijir;^^'  part  ol' 
till-  i)latcau  adjoininj,'  the  crest  of  the  escarpment  which  extends  ironi  this 
jjoint  westward   heyond   the  city  of  Hamilton,  and   occupies  a  very  com- 
mandinj;  ])osition,  tlirec  hundred  and  fifty  feet  al)ove  tiie  bed  of  the  river, 
wiiidi  lure  enicrj;es  from  its  prison  walls,  an<l  with  a  maj^nificent  sweep  and 
lar^jjcly  expanded  area,  jnirsues  the  remainin;^  six  miles  of  its  course  t<i  Lake 
Ontario.     This  location  is  famous  for  the  battle  fou|;ht  here  in  1S12,  when 
the  American  invadinj,' army  was  defeated  and  taken  ])risoners.     The  mag- 
nificent monument  which  crowns  the  crest  of  the  hill,  is  one   of  the  finest 
structures  of  its   kind  in    tiie    world,   and    was  erected    in    hcmor    of  the 
Uritish   (icneral    Hrock,    who    with     his   Aid-de-Camp,     Lieutenant-Colonel 
Maedonnell,    fell     mortally     wounded,      while     jj;allantly      Icadinj,'      their 
troops    u|)     the    stec])    cscar])ment     against     the    invaders.     The    column 
is    one     hundred     and     ninety     feet     high,     and     is     surmounted     liy      a 
colossal     statue    of    (General     Mrock.        The    top    is    reached    by  a    s])iral 
stone    stairway,     winding    up    through    the    center    of  the  column.       At 
the     up])er    landing    circular    windows    afford    com|)rehcnsive    views    in 
all   directions,     that     will     amply   repay   the    energy    of    the    entliusi;istie 
visit(u-    who    ])<)sscsses    any   taste  for  the    enjoyment   of  a   ])anoraina    of 
beautiful   rurrd    scenery    whicli  can    not    be    surpassed    on    this  continent. 
The  broad   cx])anse  of    Lake    Ontario,    six    miles   to  the    north,   and    the 
beautiful  fertile  country  extending  from  the  foot  of  the  escarpment  to  the 
lake  shore,   divided   into    two  nationalities   by  the  broad,  sinuous,  silvery 
stream  of  the  Niagara  River  which  is  n;ivig.'iblc  for  the  largest  lake  craft 
from  Lake  Ontario  to  this  point,  afford  a  charming  jiicture  well  w-orthy  of 
the  warmest   admiration.      Seven   miles  to  the  southward   the  columns  of 
sprav  may  be  distinctly  seen  showing  the  location  of  Niagara  Trdls;   and 
looking  westward   a   glim])sc  is   had  of  the  pretty  city  of  St.  Catherines; 
while  across  the  river  to  the  east  is  the  ])ictures(pie  old  village  of  Lewiston 
on  the  Americ.'in  side,  with  the  (piaint  little  village  of  Ouccnston  nestling 
below  the  feet  of  the  siiectator-  evidently  not  inii)rovefl  by  age  but  mani- 
fesling  symptoms  of  an  atlcm|)t  at  resuscitation. 

Apart  c'dtogether  from  the  absorbing  interest  of  its  historical  associ.'i- 
tions,  Ouccnston  Ileigiits  is  indeed  a  most  charming  location,  rich  in  the 
choice  gifts  bestowed  u|)on  it  by  the  hand  of  a  bountiful  Creator.  About  a 
vear  since  the  propertv  was  ])laccd  under  the  management  of  the  Park  C(mi- 
missioncrs  by  the  I'rovincial  (lovernment.  The  Conunissioners  have  ]iur- 
chased  additional  land,  doubling  its  ])revious  area,  and  have  made  many 
necessary  improvemcnls  which  will,  doubtless,  be  continued,  in  a  systematic 
manner,  until  the  artistic  condition  of  the  locality  is  made  to  harmonize 
with  the  fascinating  n.atural  beauty  and  grandeur  of  the  setnery. 


20 


GhftAthR    KtArtAHA. 


KUKCTRIC    KAII.WAY. 

While  (k'votin;,'  so  iiiiii.li  ■•itti-ntioii  to  thf  ^'.,^:icr.'il  iiiiprovcmciU  of  the 
jj;roiiiuls  .'111(1  ill  rciidc'riii^  points  of  espivial  interest  nioie  easy  of  aeetss  to 
the  |)til)lie,  theConunissioners  have  not  been  uiiniiii(lfiilof  the  iirji;eiit  neeessity 
for  providiii';  n  eheap  and  ellieient  means  to  enable  tourists  to  view  the 
varied  attraettons  between  the  extreme  ends  of  the  jiark  system.  This  want 
is  amply  supplied  by  the  "  Nia;;ara  I'alls  Park  and  River  Railway,"  a  well 
e(|iiipped,  doable  traek  eleetrie  road,  niiininjj;  aloii^  the  top  of  the  b.'ink  of 
the  N'iajjfara  River  from  Oneenston,  where  it  eonneets  with  the  steamers  from 
Toronto  and  the  lower  lake  points,  to  Navy  Island,  above  Chipjiewa,  where 
it  eonneets  with  the  steamers  from  lUiiValo.  The  entire  p.'inorama  of  the 
maj;nifieent  seeiiery  aloii^^j  the  eourse  of  the  river  for  a  distaiiee  of  fourteen 
miles  may  be  leisurely  c  •'.item])''ted  by  the  tourist  while  eomfortably  se/ited 
in  the  first-elass  observation  ears  of  this  jiopular  eleetrie   road. 

In  its  relations  to  visitors  as  well  as  in  other  respeets,  Niagara  Falls  ha;; 
underj^one  a  remarkable  re;4;eneration  sinee  the  establishment  of  the  (juverii- 
ment  I'arks,  and  we  eaii  now  eoniidently  assert  that  at  no  jilaee  of  like 
resort  ean  the  visitor  enjoy  .a  higher  dej^ree  of  j)leasure  in  the  same  time  and 
for  an  ecjual  outhiy. 


f 

( 


f\ 


I 


TOURISTS  IN    1831. 


COPYRIC.IITlCII. 


I 


'I 


of  the 

JCCSS  tl» 

L'ccssity 
ic'w  t  lit- 
is W.'lllt 

'  n  well 
I)aii1<  of 
rs  from 
,  wlicif 

of   tllf 

onrti'i'ii 
•  sf.'iU'il 

alls  h.'i!; 

iliVCfll- 

of  liki- 

Itlf    Mini 


r,  R  K  A  T  K  K      N  I  A  C.  A  R  A  , 


21 


.> 


I 


OI'YRir.IITKII. 


i 


iiisrouY  oi   nir:  ni^sr  susitinsion  liuiixii:  ackcis^ 
nil:  Mi/\(i/\iM  i^ivi;k. 

MV    THKO.  (..   IIII.KTT. 

TX  thr  year  of  \SU\  llu'  Li'j:- 
^  islatiiivs  of  llu'  StaU-  ol 
Now  York  anil  Ontario  itu-or- 
porattd  cacli  a  i'oin|iany  to 
1)nil(l  a  sns|irnsion  hridj^o across 
I.1k'  \ia;,'ara  Kivir  al  a  point 
■ihont  two  niilfs  hclow  llu- 
i-'alls,  for  tlu'  aLvonimodalion 
of  tlio  Cireal  Wistcrn  Kailroad, 
wliicli  was  then  heinj^  ])uilt 
iR'twecn  the  Xiajj^ara  River  and 
Chie;i<;o.  These  two  incor- 
porated eonipanies  were 
etiipowered  to  have  a  Joint 
hoard  to  eonsumniate  a  eon- 
neetion  of  trade  between  the 
two  jurisdictions.  At  that  time 
there  was  1)ut  one  snsiiension 
l)ridjj;c  in  the  country,  and  that 
one  of  short  span  across  the 
Schuylkill  in  the  city  of  Thil- 
addpiiia,  and  one  in  process  of  construction  across  the  Ohio  River  at 
\Vhcclin},\  Va.  Charles  Ivllet,  Jr.,  of  I'iiiladclphia,  of  Mississipjn  Ram 
notoriety,  who  was  commis;:one(i  as  a  general  in  the  War  of  the  Rebellion, 
w.as  the  builder  of  these  bridj^cs,  and,  <as  at  that  time  sus])ension  bridj>e 
cn^^incerin;;?  was  re,ij:ar;!cd  as  a  six'cialty,  Kntjinccr  Kllct  was  the  one  selected 
to  build  the  Xia;.jara  Suspension  Hridf^jc. 

In  the  winter  of  1H47  Ivnyinecr  Charles  Ellct  held  a  contract  with  these 
bridjjje  comp.iuics  to  build  a  wire  suspension  brid^tx*-'  across  the  Xiaj^ara  River 
on  the  site  of  the  present  lower  suspension  l)rid,u;c,  of  sufhcient  capacity  for 
railro.'ul   traffic. 

In  the  winter  o."  1S47  Ivn<:;ineer  Kllct  arrived  at  the  Villajj;e  of  Niajjara 
Falls  to  make  arrangements  to  commence  the  structure  t)n  the  opcniiijj; 
of  the  s|)rinj.;.  Hnj^incer  Kllct  was  stojjjnn^  at  the  I'^'i^rlc  Tavern,  then  situ- 
.'itcd  where  now  stands  the  International  Hotel.  The  writer  received  a  note 
by  the  hand  of  the  bell  Ixn'  of  the  hotel,  that  itiy  ])rescncc  was  solicited  at 
the  parlor  of  the  "  K.-i.ijle  Tavern  "  as  soon  fis  cfinvcnicnt,  and  sifjncd  "Cha;;. 
Kllct,  jr."     1  answered  the  note  in  pcrs m      Kn}j;inecr  Ivllet  stated  that  he 


IJlliODORK     il.    mi.KTT. 


22 


C.  R  n  A  T  K  I!     N I A  C.  A  K  A  . 


had  a  contract  to  huild  a  wire  suspension  l)n(]j^c  across  the  Niagara  River, 
and  as  he  had  a  similar  contract  at  Whcehng,  iiis  time  must  necessarily  be 
divided  between  these  two  localities,  and  that  l.e  wished  to  ohtwin  the 
services  of  one  who  could  take  charge  of  all  the  iron  work  of  the  structure, 
and  that  I  haci  been  r"commendcd  to  him  as  such  ])ersun.  Arrangements 
were  made  to  that  effect. 

The  engineer  thci)  stated  in  detai)  his  i?lar  of  construction.  First,  to 
provide  some  means  of  crossing  the  Oorge  with  men  .and  tools  without 
crossing  at  a  ferry  at  Lewiston — (ivc  miles  below — thus  saving  ten  miles 
travel  for  each  desired  crossing.  His  pian  was  to  erect  two  towers,  one  on 
either  side,  twenty-five  feet  in  height,  and  to  suspend  a  wire  cable  of  thirty- 
six  strands  of  No.  10  wire  from  the  top  of  these  towers,  with  about  thirty 
feet  deflection,  and  u])on  which  to  ])lace  a  yoke  with  grooved  rollers  at  either 
end,  and  from  which  to  suspend  a  cage  of  sufficient  capacity  to  accom- 
modate two  men,  and  this  cage  to  be  drawn  .across  from  side  to  side  by 
means  of  a  stationary  windlass  on  either  side  of  the  b.ank.  The  first  thing 
to  be  settled  was  the  size,  form  .and  material  of  which  this  cage  should  be 
constructed.  The  engineer  pro])osed  this  cage  to  be  made  of  wood,  and 
instead,  I  suggested  iron.  The  engineer's  objection  to  iron  w.as  its  weight. 
In  answer,  I  suggested  th.at  I  thought  one  of  iron  could  be  in.adc  of  less 
weight  and  more  secure  than  one  of  wood.  To  test  this  pr()|)osition,  the 
engineer  made  .a  ])lan  of  his  wooden  cage,  and  carefully  weighed,  by  figures, 
its  weight.  I  then  made  .a  pl.an  of  .a  b.asket  made  of  iron,  which  w.as  .also 
weighed  .and  foimd  to  be  ten  pounds  lighter  than  of  wood.  "  W'c  will  have 
it  iron,"  exclaimed  the  engineer,  provided  we  can  get  it  made.  I  .assured  the 
engineer  that  getting  it  made  would  jircscnt  no  difficultv.  as  I  would  m.ake 
it  with  my  own  h.ands.  The  next  interrogatory  of  the  engineer  w.as,  "  What 
sh.all  be  its  form?"  \Vc  both  .at  the  time  were  sitting  in  rocking  ch.airs 
of  the  s.amc  pattern.  I  recpicstcd  the  engineer  to  arise,  .and  these  two 
lockers  were  draxvn  close  together,  the  engineer  e.\cl;iiming,  "That  is  just 
what  we  want  .and  will  h.ave."  Xe.xt  in  order  was  the  coiislruetion  of  the 
cable  ui)oii  which  the  b.asket  w.as  to  travel.  This  cal)U'  was  to  be  con- 
structed of  thirty-six  str.iiKJs  of  No.  10  wire,  each  strand  to  be  subjected  lo 
.a  uniform  str.ain,  and  the  thirty-six  str.ands  botind  into  a  round  form  liv 
being  wr.ip|)e(l  by  a  transverse  wr.a])])ing  of  .i  sm.all  anncfded  wire  .at  inUr- 
vals  of  eight  inches,  each  wr.a])])ing  being  .about  four  inches  in  length.  This 
cable  w.as  formed  around  an  iron  yoke  or  clevis  .at  cither  end  as  .a  mciiis 
of  fastening  to  the  rock.  After  the  detail  of  m.aking  the  cable  w.as  disposed 
of,  then  came  the  (jucstion  of  how  to  get  it  over.  The  engineer  suggested 
oHering  ;i  premium  of  .$10.00  to  the  first  boy  who  should  suci-essfullv  II v 
over  the  Gorge  his  kite  string  .and  fasten  its  ends  to  a  trei'  on  eitlu'r  sidi'. 
This  premium  brought  .a  score  of  lads  int(f  the  contest,  .and  a  bov  by  tiic 
name  of  Ilomaii  W.ilsh  (who  now  resides  in  Lincoln,  .\'eb. )  w.as  the  .uiecessft:! 


Wll 

on 
ovi 
iroi 
h.ai 

U])( 

the 
hai 
of 


^ 


niai 
lass 
at  ( 
sus| 
end 

whe 
side 
and 
not 
Khc 


c.  i<  I':.\ti:k    \  i  ac,  a  u  .\ . 


winiK-r  uf  tlif  |)rizf,  wliicli  was  paid  as  soon  as  tlic  kite  slriii.ii  was  scciircil 
oil  oac-li  1)aiil<  of  the  stroaiii.  The  lollowiii;,'  day  a  slroiij^cr  line  was  <Irawn 
over  hy  the  kite  string,  and  a  ro])e  ot"  sulVieient  slrenj^tli  to  haul  over  the 
injn  eahie  was  snhstitnted.  By  means  of"  this  rope  tiie  iron  ea')le  was 
iiaulcd  across  tlie  river  and  its  ends  secnred  to  the  solid  rock  and  ])laeed 
npon  tlie  wooden  towers,  witii  a  enrve  of  ahont  tweiitv-tive  feet  between 
tile  towers.  I  made  tiie  iron  basket  and  its  attaeliments  witli  inv  own 
liaiids,  and  it  was  jilaeed  upon  the  eahle.  A  strong  windk-iss  eonsisting 
of  a  wooden  drnni  of  ahonl  four  i'eet  in  diameter,  and  so  geared  tliat  one 


man  at  tlie  eraiik  eoiild  haul  over  any  recpiired  load.  One  of  these  wind- 
lasses was  placed  on  each  hank,  tiie  draft  rojie  i)assiiig  around  these  drums 
at  one  end,  and  the  other  attached  to  the  yoke  from  which  the  l)asket  was 
suspended.  This  yoke  was  made  of  inm,  with  a  grooved  roller  at  cither 
cud  tli;it  it  ran  upon,  and  the  flanges  astride  the  cahle. 

The  first  passage  of  this  basket  was  al1em|itc(l  to  be  made  empty,  hut 
when  .almost  across  it  suddenly  stopped  and  tiie  windlass  on  the  opposite 
side  would  not  liriiig  it  ashore,  it  could  lie  dr;iwii  hack,  hut  not  forw.ard, 
ami  the  h.asket  was  drawn  hack  to  the  American  shore.  Ivngincer  Ivllel 
uounted  the  car,  wiiicli  was  let  loose  from  the  tower,  .'iiid  which  descended 
•.he  down  Liriiilc  with  ureal  vclocitv  until  its  uiouienlum  was  arristed  hv  lli«" 


24 


O,  KliATKK      NIACAKA. 


IIOMAN     WAI.SU. 


lip  .Ljr.'uk'  Oil  the  opposite  side,  when 
the  windlass  on  the  opposite  side 
was  set  in  motion  and  hauled  the 
basket  with  its  ])asseiij,aT  to  the 
])()int  of  ohstruetion,  wiiieh  was 
lotind  to  be  a  spot  in  the  eable  that 
had  been  ilattened  when  the  eable 
was  bein<f  hauled  aeross,  and  to 
sueh  extent  that  exeeeded  the  width 
of  the  jijroove  in  the  roller,  whieh 
eanscd  the  ilan^'e  of  the  forward  end 
of  the  roller  to  rise  upon  the  eable 
and  its  edj^e  to  sink  between  the 
ex])anded  strands  of  theeable.  The 
enj^ineer  saw  the  diineiilty  at  a 
^lanee,  and  he  soon  remedied  it  by 
eoiitraetinj,r  the  wiiilh  of  the  eable, 
and  the  rollers  ])as^ed  over,  and  the 
first  passen_i;er  landed  in  safely 
aeross  thedorj^eiii  this  fairy  basket 
It  was  found  that  the  "groove  in  the 
rollers  was  too  shallow  and  the  tread  too  narrow  to  prevent  iiiidtie  frietion 
on  the  transverse  wrapjiinji  of  the  eable,  and  new  and  deeper-jj;rooved 
rollers  were  substituted.  This  ehange  made  this  mode  of  transportation 
eom|)lete,  and  it  was  used  for  that  purpose  for  more  than  one  year,  and 
earriecl  .aeross  the  (lorife  more  than  two  thousand  passengers,  there  h.avinj.; 
erosse  1  in  one  day  one  hundred  and  twenty-live  persons,  and  ninety  of  them 
ladies.  The  avera,Lre  pro|)ortioii  of  Ladies  over  j^entlemeii  was  at  least  foi'ty 
per   eeiit. 

This  eable  was  iisid  until  the  preliminary  brid;;i'  slrueliiri'  was  eoiii- 
])leted,  and  then  removed. 

'{"lie  ])reliminaiy  bridge  was  but  a  slight  striKtiire  of  tit;hl  leet  (road 
way)  in  width,  with  a  railinj^;  made  from  ash  wood  of  o\;d  form,  one  and 
ime-(|uarter  inehes  by  two  inehes,  loeki'd  to;;ether  at  its  ends,  ;iiid  the  sjtliee 
bound  together  by  fine  annealed  wire  and  woven  into  the  suspenders  of  (he 
bridge  lon^^itudinally.  There  \\\re  lour  of  these  on  either  side,  one  fool 
aj)art,  whieh  made  ii  stronjj;  and  safe  railiufr  live  leet  in  heij.iht.  This  bridge 
was  only  intended  as  a  sealToldiuij:  fiom  whieh  to  build  the  platform  of  the 
intended  railroad  liriduc. 

The  mocle  of  eoiislriietion  ol  tlii-^  pri'liminarv  ln-id;.^e  w.as  not  only 
uiii(|ue,  but  was  attended  bv  a  ihiilliii^  iueident,  whieh  will  not  be  for}.';otten 
by  tho8c  who  witnessed  it.  oi  its  reeital  uuintiTcstiii^  t(»  ihowe  who  did  not. 


< .  K  I :  A  r  I-;  k     m  a  <  ■  a  k  a  . 


Tliis  h.'isUct  cal)lc  was  iiili.'ii(kil  as  a  preliminary  iiccossity  to  the  con- 
sLruclioii  of  the  prchmiiiary  hrid^^c,  vet  it  was  used  tor  over  a  vear  as  a 
-neiins  ot"  profit  to  llie  eoiitraelor  for  tlie  tninsportatioii  of  passengers,  as  a 
noveltv  instead  ol  a  neeessily. 

The  first  ])reliniinary  l)ri(lge  was  eoniposed  of  four  massive  wooden 
towers,  two  on  eillier  liani;,  some  eighty  feet  in  lieigiil.  Tiiere  we>-e  four 
<•  )rner  posts  two  feet  scpiare,  eonstrneled  of  four  timbers  one  foot  scpiare, 
eaeh  of  different  length  and  se|)arated  on  their  inner  sides  by  an  oak  strip, 
and  all  bolted  iirndy  together.  The  seelinns  were  united  by  eaeh  tindier 
being  of  a  different  length,  and  thus  built  up  to  the  top.  There  were  eross 
be.'ims  twelve  inehes  S(pi,'ire  running  around  the  vertieal  ])()sts  at  intervals 
of  about  eight  feet  and  bolted  firmly  to  tile  eorner  ])ost,  and  braeing  timbers 
from  eaeh  eross  beam  to  the  eorner  posts.  These  towers  were  fourteen  feet 
r<(|itare  at  the  b.'ise,  termin;iting  at  their  top  .at  six  feet  sipiare.  These 
towers  were  mounted  by  ;i  wooden  roller  of  eighteen  inehes  in  diameter 
.and  six  feet  in  length,  upon  whieh  the  e.'ibles  were  to  rest. 

The  eables  of  this  prelimiiiaiy  bridge  were  four  in  number,  two  on  eaeh 

tower.      They  were  eoniposed  of  ;ibout   one   hundred    and    twenty  strands 

of  No.  10  wire,  eaeh  wire  h.aviiig  been  stretehed  ,'it  an  ecpial  tension  on  the 

shore,  with  cieh  wire  ])assing  around  .in  ii-on  yoke  ;it  eaeh  end  ;is  a  me.ans 

of  ;inehoring  the   e;ibles    to    the   roek.     These  e.ables  were  wr;i])])ed    tr.-ins- 

verselv  by  sm.all  aiiiualed  wire   at   intervals  of  ten   iu'.hes,  eaeh  wr.a])ping 

l)eing  four  inehes  in  length,  the  eable 

two      ,"\nd      one-ipi.arter     inehes     in 

diameter.      In    getting    these  e.ables 

.'leross,     one    end    w;is   anehored   to 

thesolid  roek,  a  strong  rope  att.aehed 

to  the  other  end,    whieh    w.is  eon- 

neeted  with  a   jtowerful   windlass  on 

the  Can.'ul.a  side,  and  by  it  the  e.able 

w;is  h.auled   aeross    the  ehasin   ;iiid 

the  ends  anehore  1  to  the  roek.     Thi> 

left   .'1  sig  in  the  e.ibles  below  the  e!iff 

of  .about  eigiily  feet.      lly  nie.iiis   of 

rope  taekle    these  e.ables    were  lifted 

to  the  top  of  the  towers  to  their  lin.;l 

resting     plaee,    le.aving     the     lowest 

p  lint  of  detleetion  of  llie  eables  some 

fifteen    feet    ;il)ove    the    level    of  the 

surfaee   roeU'   on   either  sidi'.     'fhese 

e.ables  were  spn'.ad  upon  the  wooileii 

rollers   on    the   top   of    the     lowers, 

four  fell   ;ip,irt.    .ind    tlu'    tr.aiisverse 


WM.I.IAM     11. 1. IS. 


26 


r,  RKATKR      .MAC.  ARA. 


\vrapi)ings  for  about  four  fc'ct  <'it  their  a])c.\  rcuiovcd  for  tlic  pur])ose  of 
leaving  the  wires  flattened  to  give  eaeh  strand  of  wire  an  e(|ual  tensile 
strength,  and  to  enable  the  oil,  with  which  they  were  kept  painted,  to  reach 
each  wire  to  prevent  any  jiossilile  oxidization  af  the  wires,  tliis  l)eing  the 
greatest  ])oint  of  strain  on  the  cal)les. 

Next  ni  order  were  placed  stri])s  of  jjine  scantling,  two  by  three,  across 
the  two  cables  on  either  side,  i.nd  four  feet  in  length,  fiistened  with  wire  to 
tile  cables,  so  as  to  prevent  the  cables  getting  f)ut  of  line,  and  a  cross  su])- 
])ort  for  the  suspenders  for  the  floor  of  the  liridge  beneath.  Across  these 
stri])s  of  wood,  lengthwise,  were  laid  the  suspenders,  which  were  coni])oscd 


PPK* 


of  two  strands  of  No.  10  wire,  each  end  of  the  suspender  terminating  at 
the  bottom  in  a  loop  to  receive  the  cross  or  needle  beam  of  the  flooring.  As 
these  suspenders  and  sup])orts  were  shoved  out,  the  floor  was  laid,  which 
consisted  of  one-inch  boards  of  two  layers,  each  layer  breaking  joints. 
These  tein])orary  platforms  of  oidy  four  feet  in  width,  v,-ere  to  be  carried 
across  from  either  side  simultaneously  until  being  imitcd  in  the  center,  and 
when  so  united  the  ])latform  at  once  assumed  its  intended  form,  a  beautiftd 
catenary  curve  to  the  cables  ami  an  u])ward  curve  to  the  flooring,  each 
being  governed  by  the  calculation  of  the  length  of  each  stispending  wire. 

Two  separate  and  distinct  bridges  were  thus  thrown  across,  after  which 
they  were  bi-ougiit  togctlicr,  side  by  side,  and  lasiied  firndy  together,  thus 


-])()sc'  of 
I  tensile 
to  reach 
■in^   the 

;,  across 
wire  to 
OSS  sup- 
pss  these 
)nipns»fl 


i 


?*-., 


aliii.u  at 

111!,'.      As 

(1,  whieli 
i  joints, 
e  carried 
Iter,  and 
leantifnl 
1-;,  each 
wire, 
er  wliieh 
KT.   thus 


«.  in:  A  I' IK    \i\<,AK'.\.  uy 

jjivin.ti;   tlic  siipiio'-tintj  cables  a  lateral  curve  iVoni  t.wcn t v-tour  feet  at   the 
to])  of  the  towers  to  ei^lit  feet  at  the  center  of  the  bridge. 

It    was  while    these   preliminary  iilalfonns  were   hcintf   carried    out    as 
above  described  th.-it  a  terrific  seenc  occurred.      The  northerlv  platform  was 
eoin|)leted  and  the  other  commenced  on  either  side,  the  one  on  the  Canada 
side  almost  one  hundred  feet  from  the  bank,  and  on  the  American  side  about 
two  Inmdred  feet.     There  arose  a  sudden  and  terrific  wind  storm.     As  a  first 
indication    of  it    a    two-inch    plank  was  lit'ted   from    the    top   of  the   tower 
and  was  beinj,'  carried  as  a  feather  at  the  behest  of  the  storm.      Its  eflict 
on  the  l)ridij;e  was   that  the  unfinished  jiart  was  swingin>j  to  and  fro  far 
one  Innidred  feet,  at  last  throwinjr  that  jiart  on  the  Canadian  side  over  and 
across  the  basket  cable.     There  wi'rc   two  workmen   on   the  Canada   end 
of  ihe  structure  at   the  time  of  the  crash,  who  made   their  escape  to  tlu' 
tower,  but  on   the  American   side   there   were  four  men   on   the  structure, 
only   one   of    whom   reached    the  shore,   the  three  men   remaininjjf  having 
no  other  support  than  to  firmly  clutch  to  two  Xo.  10  wires  and  rest  their 
feet  on   the  shiftin.y;  flooring  of  the  platform.      Nothing  coidd  be  done  to 
rescue  these  men,  until  the  violence  of  the   gale  subsided.      When   the  gale 
had  spent  its  violence  a   short   ladder,   12  feet   long,  was  attached   to  tlu' 
iron  basket  with  ropes  and  a  recpiest  for  some  one  to  volunteer  to  go  out 
in  the  basket  to  rescue  the  men.     A  yming  man  named  William  Kllis  ( wl;o 
is  now  residing  at  Niagara    I-'alls,  and,  I   believe,  the  last  survivor  of  tlu 
scene  except  the  narrator)  stepped  forward   and   said,  "  I  am   your  man." 
I'llis   sprang  into  the  b.isket   but  before  starting   I  instructed  him  that  he 
under  no  consideration  siiould   bring  Imt  one  at  a  time,  as  it  was  imjios- 
sible    to   estimate  tiie   strain    uiioii    tlie   basket  calile,  as  tl'c  weight  of  tile 
entire   Canada    end    of  the   liridge    was    upoi,    'I,  but    to    take   off    tiie   (Uic 
farthest   out,  and   relurii   for   the  others.      I^llis's  reply   was,   "all   right." 
Out  went    the   b.asket,  passing   tiie   two  unfortunates  for   the  one  farthest 
from    the   shore,  the   ladder    was   extended    to   the   wreck,  the   unfortunate 
w;is  eagerlv  watched    until    sa'el  •  laiuUd    in    the  basket.      ''"he  next  unlor- 
tunate's   appe.ils    were   so   pressing    to   be    taken   in    that    Mllis   forgot    his 
instructions  and  the  second  uniortun.ite  was  soon  seen  crossing  the  ladder 
into  the  basket.     The  third  was   reached    and    the  ladder  was   jiuslied  out 
.again,  and   he  also    was  Landed  in  the  b;i^'<et.     The   b.iskel— the  capacity 
of  which  was  but  for  two — was  slowly  drawn  to  liie  siiorc  laden  with  four 
st.ilwart    men,    and    tiie    four    s;ifcly   landed    amid    the    slionls    from     the 
bvstanders  that  silenced   the  raging  elements. 

I'lidcr  this  temiiorary  platform  was  built  tiie  wagon  bridge  of  eight 
feet  in  width  as  above  described.  This  road  bridge  w^as  used  as  a  carriage 
and  foot  w.iv  for  two  or  three  years,  awaiting  the  change  of  hard  times 
iiii  1  t!ie  railni.id  it  was  intended  io  accommodate  should  be  completed. 
.\l    last    this   event   Iia])pened,  and   engineer  John  A.   Robling,  of  Hrooklyn 


28 


(;ki:ati:k    mai>ak.\. 


Bridge  fair.c,  was  ciij^aii^cil  as  ciiyiiiccr  to  eoiiiiilclt.'  the  (jriginal  dcsiyii — 
n  railroad  1)rid<fc.  Massivo  stone  towers  took  the  place  of  the  c)ri;;nal 
ones,  and  a  railrcKid  hridj^^e  and  a  earriajjfe  track  beneath  was  erected 
l)v  Mr.  K(>blinj.j,  which  was  used  tor  years,  and  ;ii"tcr  all  the  woodwork 
of  the  structure  was  replaced  hy  iron  except  the  floors,  which  took  ])lace 
about  tiftcen  years  since  by  Ivn^iiieer  L.  L.  liuck,  who  about  five  years 
after  substituted  tlie  massive  iron  towers  for  the  stone  towers  erected  by 
Ivnj^ineer  Koblin_ii,  wliich  bcfjan  to  show  si>,Mis  of  (lei'ay. 

The  cn;,nneerinjj;  skill  of  Hn,L,nnccr  Ruck  was  manifested  by  the  substi- 
tution of  these  present  iron  towers  for  the  stone  ones  removed,  wlien  it  is 
known  that  this  chanj^a-  was  made  without  interfcrin,!,^  with  railroad 
crossing  for  but  two  hours. 

The  iron  basket  and  a  section  of  the  first  cfible  above  described,  .ire 
(le])osited  in  the  rooms  of  the  Buffalo  Historierd  Society  at  Buffalo,  where 
thev  mav  be  examined  bv  anv  one  who  niav  desire  to  do  so. 


THI:  LUNDY'S  L\NI:  MONJUMliN' T. 

CA.\(t\    lUI.I.,    I'KKSlDK.N'r    ol"   0.\TAKI0    MISTOKICAI,    SOCIKTV. 

^  I  ^IIIS  fine  monument  was  erected  in  liSU.")  in  memory  of  the  British 
-*-  soldiers  who  fell  at  the  battle.  It  is  built  of  light  Jj^rey  jrranite  and 
stands  fully  forty  feet  hij^h.  On  the  north  side  of  the  monument  this 
inscrii:ti(ui  appears:  "  ICrectcd  by  the  Canadian  Parliament  in  honor  v)f 
the  victory  ji^ained  by  the  Hritish  and  Can;idi;.n  forces  on  this  field,  on 
the  LJoth  Jidy,  1M14,  and  in  frrateful  remend)rance  of  the  brave  men  who 
died  here  on  that  day  fij.jhtinjj[  for  the  unity  of  the  Ivmpire.     IS').".'" 

On  the  south  side  tliere  is  an  entrance  to  a  vault  wherein  tlie  remains 
of  fourteen  British  soldiers,  killed  at  the  battle,  have  been  reverentlv 
])laccd.  They  h.'ul  been  recently  found  in  old  l)urial  trenches  on  private 
l.'inds  two  hundred  y.ards  from  the  hill. 

MNDV'S    I.A.Ni;    AS    IT    .NOW    IS. 

The  Lane  was  named  after  one  William  Lundy  who  came  in  17n;{  to 
bejjjin  a  new  clearinj^  about  one  and  one-fotn-lh  miles  further  west.  It  w;is 
then  a  narrow  wooded  trail.  There  were  btit  tew  other  cKarin;.fs — those 
ot  the  Cooks,  Hij;;;j^ers,  IVws  and  (irceiis — l)Ut  the  name  Lund\'  ■was  j,nven 
to  the  L;ine,  and,  d(ud)tless,  will  rcni;iin  inichan;,a<l.  Hut  what  a  c<Mitrast 
between  then  and  now.  The  narrow,  crooked  trail  throu^iLjii  bush  lands 
has  become  a  wide,  straight  and  beaulitul  avenue.  Roadways  and  side- 
w.'dks,  shade  trees  and  evergreen  hedges  are  like  those  of  old  lingl.'ind, 
Ircl.'iiid  nnd  Scotland.  Two  luindsomc  churclivs  now  crown  the  hill  of 
battle,  ;tnil,  with  numerous  residences,  l;twns,  orclirirds,  \incvards,  gardens 
indie.'ite  retincmcnt,  indiistiy,  pe;ic>   and  conteiiimenl.     Xaturc  h;is  restored 


C.  K  KA  Ti:i<       MAC,  AKA, 


2» 


'*'   '-Jfei'  '''^^^■'^'^''''^^'ywpfelji'  ^ 


f 


80 


c,  ui;ati;k    niac.aka. 


licr  rijililj;,  and  cluistiaii 

ul 


])c()|)!c  t'lijov  Ikt  aid  ai 
l)k'ssiii<f  to  their  handi- 
work. Tlic  ra\a:;cs  (.f 
the-  war  ol' 1  Si  I'-l}- are 
liioUed  out.  (lood  will 
prevails  and  •uiiiitv  is 
I'ast  out. 

The  sveuery  ol'  Lun- 
ily's  L'liie  is  most 
ihanniiiL;  between  the 
uionliis  oi  Alav  and 
( )i.'tolier.  Tile  air  is  Ira- 
L;rant  with  spriuL;'  lilos- 
s  o  ni  s  a  u  d  y  a  rden 
llowtrs,  and  eontinues 
f:a;.i  ra  n  t  with  fresh 
mown  lawns  and  i-ij)en- 
iui.::  fruits  until  the  sere 
and  yellow  leaf  of  aul- 
unni  eoines  a,Li;.'nn. 

STA.Ml-dUl) 

This  is  the  name  ol 
the  rural  distriet  whieh 
iiieludes  Lim(h'"s  Lane 
west    of     the     Niagara 

River.  It  is  well  named  after  an  Jincicnt  municipality  situated  on 
a  heautiful  spot  in  Lineolnshtre,  England.  It  is  a  district  of  rich  fruit 
lands.  Let  a  visitor  take  his  walk  west  on  Lnndy's  Lane  or  j;o  north 
through  sweet  Sanford  village  on  the  old  trail  and  Portage  Road 
to  Queenston  and  Brock's  Monument  on  yueensiou  Heights,  and  we 
hazard  no  contradiction  that  if  the  said  visitor  has  any  love  for  the 
heautiful  .and  grand  in  nature,  he  will  not  fail  to  he  ever  impressed  with 
delight  at  all  he  views  here. 

l-iNi)v's  i.a.m;. 

'i'his  is  a  ianioiis  jjlaee  in  Canadian  iiistory,  made  iann-iis  by  the  fierce 
battle  fought  on  Jidy  25,  ISl-t.  It  is  on  rising  groinid  one  mile  west 
fi'om  Niagara  Falls,  a  high  point  hetween  Lakes  I;rie  ami  Ontario.  A  thin 
belt  of  chestnut  forest  surroiuuled  the  hill  which  had  ))een  donated  in 
Ls(K)  as  a  village  burial  ground,  l)ut  after  the  battle  the  hill  became  a 
military  cemetery  of  necessity.  For  six  hours  the  battle  raged  just  there 
between  the  British  forces,  .3,4-On  strong,  and  the  Fnited  Slates  forces, 
n.OOO  strong.     This  was  the  fmal   and   decisive  battle  of  1S12-14.      The 


■ 

! 


lid    on 

h   fniil 

norlli 

Rofid 

1(1     wi- 

M-    tile 

(1   with 


•  ;  i<  i;  aii:k    ni.\<;a  u  a  . 


ai 


Hritisli  Imss  was  cij^lit  liiiiKlivd  and  scvciily  killed  and  wouiidcd.  The 
United  States  loss  was  nine  hnndred  and  thirty  killed  and  wounded  and 
three  hundred  taken  jirisoners. 


THE   PIXXil^HSSION    OF    ItLECPKICAL    I'OWIU. 

NOTKS    HV    KDWAKII  j.    I.AXI'II  KKK,    AKKl'OKr,    \.    V. 

TXa  I-'ehruarv  nuinher  of  the  Ivleetrieal  I-nj^ineer  of  New  York,  in  li^'.Xt, 
'*-  there  appeared  the  lollowintj  item  of  eleetrieal  news:  "  The  Thonipson- 
Iloiision  Ivleelric  C<>nipany,  of 'Lvnii,  Mass.,  have  just  eonstnuti d  an 
eleeirie  dynamo  of  7.")  liorse-])ower,  and  have  the  patterns  nearly  eompleted 
for  one  i>f  100  horse-power."  At  tiiis  time  eleetrieal  enji^ineers  eonsidered 
an  eleetrieal  <,a'nerator  of  the  ahove-nientioned  eapaeity  a  remarkable  stride 
in  the  development  of  the  dynamo.  When  the  Xiaj^ara  I'alls  Power  Com- 
]):niy  of  this  eily  harnessed  the  I"alls  of  Niajjjiira  River,  three  dynamos  of 
f), 000  horse-power  eaeh  were  ordered  from  the  Westin^house  Eleetrie  Coni- 
p  Miy,  Pittsbur^j:,  Pa.,  and  now  they  are  in  o])eration  in  the  f>reat  stone 
power-house  on  the  hank  of  the  Niafjara  River.    The  Power  Company  have 


32 


r,  K  i:  A  r  i;  K     mai.aka. 


made  provision  for  visitors  to  Niayar.i  I'alls  to  sec  tiicsc  wonderful  niaciiines 
from  a  haleony  within  the  power-iiouse,  l)etween  tiie  hours  from  7  a.  ui.  to 
(>  p.  m.,  aithoii<;h  tiiey  are  in  eonstant  motion,  ni^^ht  and  day,  wiienever  you 
go  there  betwein  tiiese  liours  you  may  be  sure  of  seeing  theminoj)eration,aii(l 
witness  the  greatest  a(ivanecment  in  electrical  science  that  has  been  wrought, 
within  the  past  six  or  seven  years, and  the  rapid  strides  that  are  l)eing  made' 
in  the  eonstru.'tion  of  niaeliinery  for  tiie  generation  of  electricity. 

The  cnergv  produced  at  the  Power  Conii)any's  power-house  is  now 
I)eing  transmitted  through  large  lead-covered  co])per  cables  laid  under 
ground  to  the  Carlionmdum  Works,  the  Pittsburg  Reduction  Comi)any's 
plant,  where  aluminum  is  extracted  from  clay,  and  also  to  the  Carbide 
Factory  a  little  farthe  uj)  the  river.  And  in  a  short  time  the  pole  line  will 
be  constructed  through  to  Buffalo,  and  ti:cn  several  thousand  horse-])ower 
will  be  consumed  at  that  city,  22  miles  away. 

The  present  wheel  pit  accommodates  three  turbinesof  .".(lOO  horse-])ovver 
each.  The  Com  any  are  making  i)re])arations  to  enlarge  the  i)it  to  mai\e 
room  for  seven  more  wheels  which  will  drive  seven  additional  dynamos, 
increasing  the  generating  capacity  to  r)(),()00  horse-power.  The  canal  that 
leads  the  water  from  the  river  to  the  wheel  ])it  is  of  sufHcient  size  to  funiisli 
water  to  25  turbines;  and  when  the  power  is  converted  into  electrical 
energy,  there  will  be  over  1(H), 000  h.orse-power  generated  at  this  one  power- 
house. What  the  future  is  of  this  Electric  City  is  difHcidt  to  determine,  but 
it  is  sure  to  become  the  great  central  jjower  station  of  electrical  energy  for  a 
vast  area  of  territorv,  both  in  this  State  and  Canada. 


f 


NI/Vi/\IM  PH\'IN.SUL/\. 


XTIACtARA  Peninsula,  which  fronts  on  the  Xiagara  River  and  extends 
■*'  '  from  a  ])oint  near  Brock's  Moinimenl  to  tlie  mouth  ot  llic  Cliijjpcwa 
or  Welhnul  River,  lies  almost  entirely  u])on  a  high  ])lateau.  A  portion  of 
tlie  original  tov.nship  is  now  occu])icd  by  the  Town  of  Niagara  I'.ails  ;ind 
llic  X'illagcs  of  .Niagara  l-\'dls  South  and  Chi])i)cwa.  The  first  while  settlers 
"sciuatted"  here  about  177().  Aliout  17sr)  Street's  mill  was  erected.  .\ 
raceway  captured  some  of  the  water  of  the  rapids  above  the  l-'alls.  I'liis 
power  ground  the  "grist"  of  many  farmers  until  1S74-,  when  the  niili  was 
burned.  The  early  settlers  had  not  only  iiearl)y  mills,  but  tliev  had  thi' lisli 
ami  fowl  of  Niagara  River  to  sustain  them.  I'hey  reaeiied  the  river  bv  nid" 
ladders  and  crossed  the  river  in  !)oats.  Miiny  now  living  c;in  remember 
when  the  old  Susj)ension  Bridge  was  erected  in  the  ycai'  IS.")!'.  The  new 
Suspension  Bridge  and  Cantilever  Railro;id  Bridge  have  been  ercted  more 
reccntlv.     This  has  bt.en  one  of  the  great  railroad  centers  of  the  contineut. 


W- 


i 


1 


i.i<i:Ari;K     mm,  ak  a  . 


lachincs 
I.  m.  to 
•vcr  YOU 
ion.Miitl 
vroujili'i- 
ig  made 

is  now 
il  iiiukr 
inpany's 
Car1)i(K' 

liiK-  will 
>(.'-])()\vc'r 

sc-powcr 
to  ni;i.\o 
Ivnanios, 
mal  llial 
o  tuniislt 
clfctrieal 

10  ])()\Vl.T- 

ininc.  Iml 
rgv  for  a 


I  (.xli'iuls 

liippcwa 

onion  ot 

"alls  anil 

c  sett k IS 

vied.      A 

.     Tiiis 

mill  was 

1  the  tish 

r  liy  mil" 

•enuinlur 

Tlu'   niw 

till  nioi\' 

ontincut. 


m-M-MMN  s  niicA  in-'  riii-:  kai.i.s. 


83 

\\  iili  the  waur  |)i>wfr, 
unnal  sclicines,  and 
llu  (le  V clop  men  t  of 
I'icflri,]  I  y  this  will 
soon  lie  a  j^rcat  center 
ol  niannfaelnres. 

A  po|)u  la  t  i  on  of 
tliiriy  llionsanil  nnw 
exists  in  the  innnediate 
vicinity  of  the  I'alls. 
To  feed  these  llions- 
ands  and  the  coniiny: 
thousands  natiu-c  long 
ago  drop])ed  a  drift 
l)elt  of  sand  loam  and 
gromid  shales  extend- 
ing from  St.  I)avi(!s  to 
the  I-'alis,  and  alioni  a 
ndle  in  width.  This 
soft,  friahlc,  natnrallv 
drained  soil  is  alrcadv 
largely  oeen])icd  liv 
market  g;irdcns  and 
truit  pi  a  n  t  a  t  ions  . 
Hnndreds  of  acres  of 
grapes  I'roducc  alxiut 
live  Inmdred  tons  of 
gra])es  annually. 
Many  acres  of  straw- 
licrries  and  rasjjhcrrics 
pour  tlicir  fruits  not 
onlv  into  local  aiar- 
Uets,  hut  the  mi  ire 
distant    cit\'    niar]<i.ts. 

These  market 
gardens  are  recognized 
as  the  ncai'est, 
cheapest  and  best 
sotHTc  of  \egelal(les 
for  X  i  a  ga  r  a  I"  a  1 1  s, 
X.  V. 

Hostile  legislation 
to      prexeiit     their 


34 


.  K  !•:  A 


;  K       \  I  A  I  i  A  K  A  . 


( 1 1  ICC  1 1 V    II 11 11  ri'    ;il 


lliL- 


casv    iiiiroiliKliiiii    iiiio    lluir   ii.iliir.il    iii.-irkct    w  il 
])c<)j)lc  tlial  lal. 

I'poii  c'.'icli  side  lil'  lliis  drill  dcposil  ihc  soil  is  mostly  siiilahlc  l<>  llic 
;;i-o\vtli  of  liav  and  ^riiii,  as  well  as  t'niil  of"  (.'xcclkiit  ijiiaiily.  Hen-  llic 
bhic  ^^rass  tloiirislK's,  and  iVoni  hero  will  coino  lIic  fresh  milk  for  the  fiilnre 
eilies  of  the  Palls.  Aions^  the  brink  of  the  nionnlain  and  tlie  ^or;;;e  of  ihe 
river  arc  (jnarries  of  hnildin;.;  stone,  whieii  is  shipped  hy  eonvenient  railways 
to  many  points.  Here  we  also  fnid  monntains  of  hnildin;,'  sand  and  kilns 
for  tile  ])rodiietion  of  ordinary  lime  and  liydranlie  eement.  Stronj^  sprinj.;s 
of  clear  water  are  fonnd  here  and  there.  In  the  Montrose  re;,don  s])ont inn 
wells  of  excellent  water  are  easily  obtained  npon  every  farm. 

I'ive  railroads  cross  different  parts  (»f  Stamford  Township.  .\  doiihle- 
tiaek  electric  road  runs  alonjf  the  baidv  of  the  Niagara  River.  Other  lines 
are  projected.     Other  brid.ijcs  are  projected  or  under  construction 

The  Xiajjar.'i  Falls  l-'rec  I'ark  increases  in  size  iind  beauty  as  the  years 
roll  on.  .\long  the  mighty  canyon  of  the  Niagara  is  found  a  Hora  of 
wondrous  beauty  .'ind  variety  as  the  iiublished  botanical  lists  show.  In  the 
river  itself  we  find  not  oidy  ducks  of  many  kinds,  but  the  stately  swan  and 
the  rare  pelicm.  Hundreds  of  eiigles  have  l)een  shot  along  the  gorge  of  tiie 
Niagara.  The  ])oet,  the  artist,  the  scientist,  the  sjjor  m,  the  man  of 
leisure,  the  business  man,  the  mechanic  and  cultiv.'itor  of  the  soil  can  each 
locate  in  this  favored  sjxit  and  can  each  secure  environments  eminently 
suited  to  their  varying  tastes  and  recpiirements. 


i)Lsr/\NCE.s  AND  I'KicrrN  or-  /MVilssion. 

DISTANCKS    FKO.M     nKl'OT,    .V.MKKIC.A.N    SIDE. 

Prospect  Park,  five  minutes'  walk;  around  lioat  Island,  T->  mile; 
New  Sus])ension  Bridge,  H  mile  ;  Railway  Suspension  Hridgc,  2  miles  ; 
Whirlpool  Rajnds,  L"/i>  miles  ;  Whirlpool,  .'{  miles  ;  Devil's  Mole,  .'{'L>  miles  ; 
top  of  mountain,  ()',1«  miles  ;  Indian  Village,  S  miles  ;  Victoria  Park, 
114  mile. 

I'UICKS   OF   ADMISSION. 

Cave  of  the  Winds,  $1.00  ;  Inclined  Railway,  lo  cents  :  tri]»  on  ferrv 
(eitlier  side)  oO  cents  ;  Museum,  LJ5  cents. 

DISTANCKS    FKO.M    DKI'OT,    CANADIAN    SIDK. 

Victoria  Park,  IV-j  mile;  Lundy's  Lane  Battle  Oround,  2'i'  miK-s  ; 
Brock's  Monument  and  Oucenst<3n  Heights,  7  miles. 

I'KICKS   OK   AD.MISSION. 

Behind  Iloseshoe  I'alls,  guide  and  dress,  ~A)  cents  ;  Brock's  Mom  - 
mcnt,  2."  cents  ;   carriage  hire  for  Lundy's  Lane  and  return,  25  cents. 


I 


lllL- 


i 


r.  H  \:  \   I   I ,  K       MAI,  A  l<  A  . 


Mi" 


_-^* 


(fBurp/MxT"^'  IH'fAGAkA  Falls 
^--^/^t^ifjciRi^  Rail    "^~ 


•rrv 


^  I  ^IIU  tourist  could  hanlly  visit  tiic  I-'alls  and  not  jio  to  HutValo.  The 
■*-  above  railway  has  provided  one  of  the  finest  routes  in  tlie  world.  Take 
the  ears  at  Prospect  Park,  and  before  youarehardlyawareof  it  yon  Jire  Hvin^i;' 
])ast  the  great  Power  House,  then  the  Aluminum  Works,  then  I'ort  Sehlosser. 
Now  we  have  a  bit  of  farm  life  on  one  side  and  on  the  other  the  beautifid 
I,  Xiagara  River  stretches  far  out  to  view,  with  scarcely  a  rijjple  to  mar  its 
beauty.  How  placidly  it  j^lints  .and  glistens  in  the  simsiiine,  as  if  bent  on 
hiding  in  level  stillness  deadly  ])ools  .and  treacherous  shallows,  ever  ch.inting 
tenderly  a  weird  lull.aby,  silencing  .all  thought  of  the  dee])  .aiul  wild  rush  of 
the  r.apids,  where  foam-clad  spirits  d.ance  ;ind  .alure  to  (\slruction  like  a 
merciless  fietul,  ever  rcadv  for  new  victims.    Xo   jiitv,    no  i;!er>.'y,  but  like  ;i 


36 


GREATER      N  I  A  (V  A  R  A  . 


<k'moii   jjosscsscfl,   never  lialtin,y;   until   the   brink    is    reached,    and    witli   a 
pitiful  moan  of  remorse,  plunjies  down  in.o  darkness. 

l)o  we  wonder  at  the  Redman's  worsliip  of  the  Niatrara  as  a  deity  whose 
worship  re(|uired  :\  yearly  sacrifice. 

IkTe,  when  tile  worl<l  was  wreathed  with  the  scarlet  ami  .u^ohl  ol'(  Jctnher, 
Hijrc  from  far-sea ttereil  ca.iie  tlie  nioeeasined  tribes  oftlie  Kedni.iii. 
Left  ill  their  tents  their  hows,  forgot  their  lirawls  and  dissciitioiis, 
Kiiigwl  thee  with  peaceful  fires,  and  over  their  caluniet:'.  pondered. 

Chose  from  their  fair  virgins  the  fairest  and  purest  among  them. 
Hollowing  a  birchen  canoe,  and  fashioned  a  seat  for  the  virgin. 
Clothed  her  in  white  and  set  her  adrift  to  whirl  to  thy  bosom. 
Saying:     "  Receive  this  our  vow,  Niagara,  F'ather  of  Waters." 

Lo,  drifting  toward  us  ajiiiroaehes  a  curious  tangle  of  something. 
While  an  1  uiitillered  it  floats,  hewitchmg  the  sight, 

.And  appearing  like  to  a  birchen  canoe,  a  virgin  crouched  jiallid  within  it. 
Hastening  with  martyr  zeal  to  solve  the  unriddled  hereafter. 

Slower  and  smoother  her  flight,  until  on  the  i)reci]iice  ])ausiiig, 
just  for  the  s]iace  <if  a  breath  the  dread  of  a  change  seems  to  thrill  her; 
Crossing  herself  and  seeming  to  shudder,  she  lifts  eyes  to  heaven, 
Suddenly  a  midst  upwhirls — I  see  not — but  know  all  is  over. 

— Ilowtiui. 

La  Salic  is  passed,  another  famous  jilace  in  history,  named  ihv  the  great 
cxjjlorer,  dc  La  Salle.  It  was  here,  u])()n  one  occasion,  La  Salle  j;ot  into  a 
dispute  with  the  Indians  and  no  douht  would  have  lost  his  life  hut  i'nv  the 
timely  arrival  of  a  man  by  the  n;ime  of  Latonty,  who  had  lost  a  hand, 
and  had  as  a  sid)stitute  one  made  of  iron,  which  he  always  kept  ccmcealed  in 
Ji  glove,  so  the  Indians  didn't  know  lie  had  such  a  hand.  A  fcv  vigorous 
sl.'okcs  struck  terror  to  their  hearts,  and  they  sujiposed  him  jiosscssed 
with  some  awi'-inspiring  power  that  served  a  good  purpose  ever  after. 

Vou  ])ass  through  Tonaw.anda,  one  of  the  greatest  hunbir  marls  in  ihc 
world.  A  glimjise  here  .and  there  ol  green  fitlds  .ind  the  (jiKcn  Cit\-  of  tlie 
J>akes  is  reached. 

lUilValo  has  a  population  of  tliree  hundred  .ind  si.xly  thous.and,  ;in  area 
of  hirty-two  s(|uare  miles,  sixty-one  public  schools,  one  himdrcd  and  eighty 
churches,  three  thous.and  fne  hundred  ni.annfactorics,  nine  hundred  .acres 
of  |)arks  .and  driveways,  nearly  four  hundred  miles  of  jLived  sireiis,  has  the 
Largest  eo.al  tressel  in  the  world,  Largest  lloiir  docks  in  the  world,  more 
as]ih.alt  p.avemeiits  ih.an  any  other  city.  Von  swiftly  p.ass  liirough  street 
.after  street,  with  glim|)scs  of  p.arks,  L.ake  lai*.'  in  the  dist.anee,  and  Al.ain 
Street,  .and  tiie  end  of  the  line  is  reached.  .\sk  for  a  Ir.ansl'cr  ticket  ;md 
bo.ard  .a  ."*'.ain  Street  car  .and  go  str.aigiit  tiirougli  the  heart  of  the  cilv  jtast 
the  finest  store  buildings  in  the  world  on  the  right  and  left  lowering  high 
and  most  massive  .ire  grand  nionuments  of  .'irchitectnr.al  skill;  then  vou 
come    to   the  cleg.inl   homes,   speaking    of    wealth,    refinement    and    taste. 


i.K  KATKK      MAl.AKA. 


Leave  the  ear  for  a  Forest  Avenue  ear  (eost  five  eeiUs)  that  will  take  you 
l)ast  Forest  Lfiwn,  the  beaittifiil  eity  of  the  dead.  Ofl"  to  the  right  you  "will 
see  in  the  distanee  a  stately  monument  ereeted  to  the  memory  of  the  dead 
Indian  chiefs.  Then  comes  the  Park  with  its  grand  drivts,  and  on  past  the 
State  Hospital.  You  can  transfer  to  any  of  the  hues  along  the  route  that 
will  take  you  direct  to  Alain  Street  again,  where  you  meet  the  Niagara  I'alls 
cars  for  the  return  trip.  Your  round  trip  ticket  is  good  until  used,  so  vou 
can  stay  as  long  as  you  like. 

If  the  tourist  is  in  a  hurry  and  has  followed  the  routes  in  this  hook,  he 
will  have  the  satisfaction  of  knowing  he  never  saw  so  much  and  in  such 
comfort  in  one  dav,  and  at  so  smrdl  cf)st. 


T^l'KlNCi  the  Revolutionary  \Var  a  i)arty  of  British  soldiers  were 
■^^  marching  along  the  bank  of  the  Niagara  River  on  the  Can.-idian  side. 
Something  in  the  river  attracted  the  attention  of  a  young  officer.  Me  fell 
out  of  the  ranks  and  went  to  the  edge  of  the  perpendicular  bank  which 
was  then  thickly  wooded.  lie  never  returned,  and  the  soldiers,  after  vainly 
searching  for  him,  came  to  the  conclusion  that  he  had  fallen  over.  They 
reported  the  accident  to  (he  authorities,  and  for  a  ccnturv  his  loss 
remained   a  mystery. 

A  few  years  ago  some  boys  ])laying  near  the  foot  of  the  perpen- 
dicular bank  opposite  wh;it  is  now  called  the  ravine  in  Yictoria  I'.-'.rk, 
saw  a  cleft  in  the  rock,  and  going  in  found  the  remains  of  a  skeleton. 
They  re])orted  the  matter  and  oHicers  of  the  neighborhood  took  charge 
of  the  bones  or  remains.  It  was  concluded  he  had  fallen  in  a  fissure 
of  the  rocks,  shut  in  from  sight  aiul  soimd  and  found  a  living  tomb, 
time   having  crund)led    the  rock   away   revealing  a   tragedv   of  a   life. 

But  that  was  not  the  end.  I'rom  the  motdd  of  what  was  once  an 
officer's  uniform  they  fomid  buttons  giving  the  niunber  of  his  regiment, 
and  remains  of  epaulets  and  belt  proving  his  rank.  \Yith  these  ])articu- 
lars  the  reconls  of  the  regiment  were  traced,  his  family  connections 
foimd  and  communicated  with,  and  the  following  pathetic  storv  was 
learned  : 

Away  in  the  Stniny  South  a  fair  young  girl,  the  only  daughter  of 
wealthy  ])arents,  was  engaged  to  the  officer  that  sii  mysteriously  dis- 
appeared. 

The  oidy  shadow  that  had  ever  darkened  their  bright  and  happy 
lives  was  the  thotight  of  separation;  btit  the  star  of  hope  shone  bright 
and  they  strove  to  see  beyond  the  cruel  fate  of  war,  the  ])eaeeful  aiifl 
hn))])y    united   life   when    llie    battle  for  coimtry   and   right    was  over. 


SM 


(,K  e:a  I  i:k    nia(.  ak  a. 


S1)C 

i'n 

lh;i 
l.v 


I.0V1;K!>   a   ClvXllKV    MiV. 


Hravi'lv  ^^lK■  liid  Ikt  ,l;,i11;iiu  lnvcr  i^ood-ltvi .  Cotilil  kind  heaven  hold 
.'iu;j;Iit  hut  happiness  in  store  ((ir  sueli  true  love  as  tiieirs?  Hut  as  time 
went  I)v  and  the  weeks  and  months  heeanie  years,  and  n<i  tiilinj;s 
iVoni  tlie  h)sl  lover  ever  reaehed  the  youn;^  .yirl,  at  last  nature  eould 
no  lonjjer  hear  the  anxious  hurden  of  jrHel"  and  loss.  Hope  died  within 
the  youn^  fi'wVs  heart,  tlie  lij.'ht  oi"  reason  tied  from  tiie  heaiitiful  eyts 
ne.er    to    return,    .■iiul    tlu'    niunant    ot    lu'i"    liroken    ami    \\ nelted    lite    w.'is 


<■■  km:  ATI    l(       Xl  A(,A  K  A. 


;;<j 


spc'iu    iii    .Icliisivc    wandorin-s    in     s..,-n-cli    ,,f    il,,-    l,,si    1,,v.t,    u,u:I    ki„  ' 
rn.vidciKv    united    llK'ir    spirits   in    iIk'   p^.-KvCul    hcvond. 

And  stran-c  as  it  may  s.rni  the  taniiiv  ,,f  the  I'.ritish  sddier  and 
that  ut  tlK-  yonn.u  lady  were  drawn  t,,, aether  and  nniied  in  iriendsldn 
by  niarna-e   alter  the   lapse   ..f  over   one    hundred    vears. 


A  1)  V  ;•.  K  r )  s  1-;  M  i;  x  i  s . 


LoRETTA  College. 

LdCAiKiN. —  Tlic  ;iiiiati())i  coniinaiiils  a  vii'w  ol'  ihc  stinoiiiuiiiiy  loiiniry. 
wliicli  tor  Liiaiidciir  has  no  e(|iial.  As  far  iij)  the  river  as  llic  eve  can  sec,  is  an 
cnclianiinf;  scene.  In  plain  view  is  the  Horseshoe  Falls,  in  all  llieir  wild  l)eam_v 
ot' scenery.  The  nia,i,niilicent  jianorania  .Natiu'c  so  g^eneronsly  spreads  out  to  view 
from  this  ])oinL,  is  of  itself  an  educator. 

.V  more  lieaitliy  location  could  not  have  been  chosen  for  a  school,  hein^j;  on 
such  a  high  eminence  and  the  hend  of  the  river,  and  just  the  rijjlit  auiile  for  the 
west  wind  to  swee])  ;iw;iy  all  mist  and  damjniess.  There  is  always  a  cool  lirecze 
niakinLj  a  deli,!j;htful  and  hcalth-,!.ri\  in.y  climate. 


fiW.VO  VIEW  OF  THE  fA'  LS  AND  RIVER. 
RATES  :    $1.50  TO  $^>  0'(  PER  DAY. 


VIGTOP  HOTEL, 


P    0    ADDRESS.  NIAGARA    FALLS  CEHTER 

COR    BENDER   AVE   Anu  RIVER  FRONT 

BOX   71. 

NIT^CKRK     I=7:i-I-S    (CT^NKDK    SIDE). 
All  Modern  Improvements,  Electric  Liclils,  Electric  Bells,  Baths,  Etc. 


large  hall  for  picnics  and  dancing  parties 
Tine  Stock  of  Liquors  and  Cigars 


G.  E.  smiTii.  Proprietor. 


Cataract  Hotel 


Clifton   Hill, 
J  NiagaPQ   Falls,  Ont. 

TV^RS.      1-ACEV,      PROPRIETRESS. 

Mijals  at  all  Hours.  Transient  and  Private  Board  Accommodation  Winter  and  .Summer. 

Terms,  $1.00  to  $2.00  Per  Day.  P.  0.  Address,  Nlanara  Falls  Center,  Ont. 

Till-;   CatakaCT    Ildisii   is    ijkas.iiitlv  situated   within    live   iiiinutis'   walk   of   .\i;i>;,ir;i 

Falls,   New  Suspension   Hri<i>re,  and  cluse  t)y   .M.  C.   K.   K.   Statiim.     otlier  St.itjons,   IClectric 

nnd  Street  Cars  witliin  easy  reach. 


Jt^^ 


OINTMENT 


S,  CATARRH, 

SPRAINS.BURNSPILES, 

DNEVS  E' 


TTHE  AS-KER-SHAW  Remedies  are  constantly  KrowioR   •"    fav«»r 
as    sate    and   certain    remedies.      A   trial    fully   sati.sfies   the 
most  skeptical  as  to  their  remarkable  curative  pow'er.<?. 


(Miitment, 
Laru'c   Hon, 


J.V  iier  Box.  I   I-ttnj:   Balsam, 
7."c     "       "       I  Mlood   Kemedv, 


1    (Ml 


The  verdict  of  our  customern  for  the  above  nrticlen  is:     ■•  A  customer  ual.ied.  never  loM." 


